大三语言学基础Week-IV-.ppt

Vygotsky
语言学
Linguistics
Week IV & V
An Introduction to Linguistics
History and Branches
A Brief Introduction to Linguistics
Definition
Brief History of Linguistics
Main Branches of Linguistics
Macrolinguistics
Definition of Linguistics
Scientific discipline with the goal of describing language and speech in all relevant theoretical and practical aspects and their relation to adjoining disciplines. Insofar as linguistics deals with human languages as a sign system, it can be understood as a subdiscipline of general semiotics. Because of the object of its study and the investigational methods appropriate to it, linguistics has characteristics of both the natural sciences and the social sciences. Depending on the interests of the investigator, linguistics can be divided into general linguistics, which attempts to develop theories explaining general universal regularities of language…and applied linguistics, which investigates problems dealing with specific languages.
(Hadumod Bussmann)
Importance of Linguistics:
“We may ask, of what use is linguistics? …what can be said is that for obvious reasons linguistic questions are of interest to all those, including historians, philologists and other, who need to deal with text. Even more obvious is the importance of linguistics for culture in general. In the lives of individuals and of societies, language is a factor of greater importance than any other. For the study of language to remain solely the business of a handful of specialists would be a quite eptable state of affairs (Saussure).
II. A Brief History of Linguistics
Saussure Stage
grammar: based on logic
Pre-Saussure Stage
Course in General Linguistics
langue and parole
synchronic and diachronic (See P7&8)
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913):
Edward Sapir (1884-1939)
Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949):
Language
philology: focusing on written language and neglecting living L.
comparative grammar: Neogrammarians saw L as a product of the collective m