精液操作和人工授精幻灯片.ppt

AI & Semen Handling精液操作和人工授精
Beijing World Wide Sires Co.,
Additional costs incurred when cows remain open for more than 100 days.母牛空怀超过100天所造成的额外损失
空怀天数
因下列原因造成的损失
Signs of Heat 发情征候
alert, restless behavior, bawling 警觉、不安、哞叫
shortened feeding time 采食时间短
aggressive behavior, butting 进攻行为、用角顶撞
swollen, reddened vulva ***红肿
mucus discharge 排出粘液
withholding of milk 产奶量减少
increased urination 排尿次数增加
mounting other cows 爬跨其它的牛
chin pressing on other cows 用下巴挤压其它的牛
sniffing, licking of vulva, lip curling 闻舔***、卷唇
Standing Heat
站立发情
Heat Detection
发情鉴定
观察次数发情检出率
Rules for Good Heat DetectionFree Stall Barns良好的发情检查制度/ 自由散放式牛棚
Ensure good footing in walkways 确保通道情况良好
Observe cows 3 times per day for heat 每日观察发情三次
Have unobstructed view of all cows from viewing area
观察发情区域视线良好,无障碍物
Cows will not show good heat signs when feeding or waiting to be milked
采食或等候挤奶时,牛的发情征候不会表现出来
Do not check for heats while there is equipment operating in the area 区域内有设备运行时,不要检查发情
Timing of Breeding
配种时间的确定
次要发情征候站立发情卵子寿命
精子的寿命
Factors Affecting Fertility Variation影响繁殖力变化的因素
Environment and Management 96%
环境和管理
母牛 Cow 3%
配种公牛 Service sire 1%
Weigel et al., 2001
Major Management & Environment Factors主要管理和环境因素
Nutrition Issue 营养问题
Energy 能量
Protein 蛋白
Vitamins 维生素 90% of Breeding ess is Feeding ess
Minerals 矿物质育种成功的90%是饲养管理的成功

Semen Handling If semen not good - No Chance
精液操作如果精液质量不好-没有希望
Heat Detection Cows Don’t show or Not Detected
发情鉴定如果母牛不表现发情或发情没有鉴定出
AI Technique Wrong Place/Wrong Time - No Chance
人工授精技术授精部位或配种时间错误-没有希望
Heat Stress Don’t eat/Don’t Show Heat
热应激牛不采食/不表现发情
Moldy Feed Pregnancy Loss
发霉饲料流产