该【语言学名词解释 】是由【花双韵芝】上传分享,文档一共【9】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【语言学名词解释 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。Chapter1:::::Theidealuser’:::::Languageconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,withlowerleverofsound,whichismeaningless,::,:Phonologyphonicmedium::Thestudyofphonicmediumoflanguageanditisconcernedwithallsoundsintheworld’:Itstudiessoundsfromthespeaker ’spointofview,.:Thestudiessoundsfromthehearer ’spointofview,.:Itstudiesthewaysoundstravelbylookingatthesoundwaves,::::Theuseoflettersymbol,::icAlphabets,asystemofsymbolsconsistsoflettersanddiacritics,:::::::Thevowelwhichconsistsoftwoindividualvowels,::::::plementeachotherindistribution.’tminimalpair:::Theruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherbycopyingafeatureofasequentialphoneme,::urabovethelevelofthesegments----syllable,word,:Tonesarepitchvariations,:Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,:Morphologymorphology::Agroupofwords,whichcontainsanunlimitednumberofitems,:Arelativelyfewwords,includingconjunctions,prepositionsandpronouns,::aletteroragroupofletter,whichisaddedtoaword,andwhichchangesthemeaningorfunctionoftheword,includingprefix,:Theaffix,whichisaddedtotheendofaword,:Theaffix,whichisaddedtothebeginningofaword,:Morphemethatcannotbeusedalone,binedwitothers..–::Boundmorpheme,:Akindofmorpheme,whichareusedtomakegrammaticalcategories,suchasnumber,::Acombinationoftwoormorewords,whichfunctionsasasinglewordsinflection:themorphologicalprocesswhichadjustswordsbygrammaticalmodification,.inTherainscame,:Syntaxsyntax::Itreferstoagroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguagesuchasasentence,:syntacticunitsthatarebuiltaroundacertainwordcategoryarecalledphrase,::::::Theinformationaboutaword’:::theelements,::theelement,:aspecialtypeofrulethatcanmoveanelementfromonepositiontoanotherinversion:theprocessoftransformationthatmovestheauxiliaryfromtheInflpositiontoapositiontotheleftofthesubject,:Intheprocessofformingyes-noquestionthatdoesnotcontainanovertInfl,::Alevelofsyntacticrepresentationafterapplyingthenecessarysyntacticmovement,.,transformation,tothedeepstructure.(05)universalgrammar::Semanticssemantics::-:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,-:::synonymsthatdifferinstyle,:Synonymsthatdifferintheircolllocation,.,::Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinspelling,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinbothsoundandspelling,:Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,:-hyponyms:Hyponymsofthesamesuperordinateareco-::,husband---wife,father---son,buy---sell,let---rent,above---:therelationshipbetweentwosentenceswherethetruthofoneisinferredfromthetruthoftheother..:Whataspeakerorwriterassumesthatthereceiverofthemassagealreadyknows..:Pragmaticspragmatics:::Themeaningofaself-containedunitwithabstractandde-:::ThetheoryproposedbyJohnAustinanddeepenedbySearle,:Constativesarestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,:Performativesaresentencesthatdon’stateafactordescribeastate,:Theactofconveyingliteralmeaningbyvirtueofsyntax,:Theactofexpressingthespeaker’::Statingordescribing,::Theprinciplethattheparticipantsmustfirstofallbewillingtocooperateinmakingconversation,otherwise,::LanguageChangeacronyms::Theoriginalformofalanguagefamily,::LanguageAndSocietysociolinguistics:::::Avarietyoflanguageusedbypeople,::Aperson’bineselements,regardingregional,social,::AtheoryproposedbyAmericanlinguistHalliday,heregister,namely,fieldofdiscourse,:municativebehavior..tenorofdiscourse:Itreferstotheroleofrelationshipinthesituationinquestion:::munityornation,:,therearefivestagesofformality,namely,intimate,casual,consultative,:Ablendingofseverallanguage,developingasacontactlanguageofpeople,whospeakdifferentlanguages,::Theuseoftwodifferentlanguagessidebysidewitheachhavingadifferentroletoplay,urswhenthesituationchanges.(07C)diaglossia:Asociolinguisticsituationinwhichtwodifferentvarietiesoflanguageco-munity,:municationamonggroupsofpeople,whospeakdifferentnativelanguagesordialectscode-switching:::Itreferstothechild’ssmotheracquisitiontongue,(LAD):Ahypotheticalinnatemechanismeverynormalhumanchildisbelievedtobebornwith,::Aspecialspeechtochildrenusedbyadults,whichischaracterizedwithslowrateofspeed,highpitch,richintonation,shorterandsimplersentencestructures又叫childdirected
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