考研英语语法考点突破.doc

从句
一、定语从句
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose(of which),but(who/that…not),as等,关系副词有when,where,why,how等。大多数定语从句都对所修饰的名词或代词加以限制,去掉该从句后先行词将意义不全或失去意义。而非限制性定语从句的作用在于补充,翻译时常常另起一个句子,与主句构成并列句。
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
1。关系代词that引导的定语从句,that指人或指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语。多数情况下,可与which互换。
【真题例句】In a significant tightening加紧,加强
of legal controls over the press新闻界报刊
,, Lord Irvine, theLord Chancellor, will introduce a draft草案,法律,设计
bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins。(2001完形) 动词加宾语加形容词
【结构分析】本句主干为Lord Irvine will introduce a draft bill…;其中bill由that引导的定语从句that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity…修饰,在从句中,that指代先行词bill作主语。观察连词and,可确定此从句中并列两个谓语will propose和will control。其中control的宾语the amount of publicity后又跟一个that引导的定语从句that can be given to a case before a trial begins,使用了被动语态,that指代先行词publicity作主语。句首的介词短语In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press作全句的状语。
【参考译文】为了有效地加强对新闻界的法律监控,***官欧文勋爵将引入一项草案。这项草案将提出付款给证人是非法的,并且要严格控制审判前对案件的曝光。
【真题例句】The overall result has been to翻译为:是 make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs表对象通常在翻译的时候被提前,或转换为主语等等, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing『审稿的广泛引入』, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. (2001阅读1)
【结构分析】本句的主干是一个完成时的主系表结构The overall result has been… for amateurs,表语由不定式短语to make…harder(使……更难)充当。名词短语a result that…是主干中主语result的同位语,作用是对其进行补充说明。在此名词短语中,关系代词that引导定语从句that has been reinforced by…修饰先行词result,that在从句中代替result作主语,从句的谓语使用了被动语态。
【参考译文】总体结果是,业余人员在专业地质学刊物上发表论文更难了,这种结果又由于审稿的广泛引入而变得更糟——19世纪由国家级杂志评审, 20世纪由一些地方地质学杂志评审。
【真题例句】There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (2001-71)
【结构分析】本句为there be句型