2017-2018学年高中英语 专题Unit 3 Life in the future 3 Grammar Writing试题（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

Unit 3 Life in the future
Grammar Writing
Grammar: 过去分词作状语和定语
Ⅰ.状语
过去分词作状语,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”或在逻辑上构成“系表结构”。过去分词短语在句中担任条件状语,原因状语以及时间状语时,通常放在句首;担任伴随状语或结果状语时,通常放在句末;担任方式状语时,一般位于句末,有时也可位于句首;担任让步状语时,一般位于句首,有时也可位于句末。
一、过去分词担任状语时的语法功能
1. 原因状语
☞Caught in a heavy rain,he was all ,所以他全身湿透了。
☞Frightened by the noise in the night,the girl didn’t dare sleep in her room.
被夜晚的响声惊吓,那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间里了。
2. 时间状语
☞Asked why he did it,the monitor said it was his ,班长说这是他的职责。
☞Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and ,那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。
3. 条件状语和假设状语
☞Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow ,这些种子能长得很快。
☞Given better attention,the accident could have been ,那次事故就可以避免了。
4. 方式或伴随状语
☞Surrounded by his students,the professor sat there ,兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
☞He stood there silently,moved to ,被感动得热泪盈眶。
5. 让步状语
☞Beaten by the police,sent to jail,Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance.
尽管受警察的殴打,被投入监牢,甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。
☞Defeated again,we did not lose ,但我们没有灰心。
6. 独立成分(插入语)
☞Given good weather,our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening.
假如天气好,我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。
☞Put frankly,I don’t agree with what he ,我不同意他所说的话。
二、与状语从句的相互转换
1. 过去分词短语作时间状语,可转换为when,while或after等引导的状语从句。
☞Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.
→When it is seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.
从山上往下看,这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2. 作条件状语,可转换为if,once或unless等引导的状语从句。
☞Given more time,she would certainly have done much better.
→If she had been given more time,she would certainly have done much better.
如果有更多时间的话,她一定会干得更好些。
3. 作原因状语,可转换为as,since或because等引导的状语从句。
☞The children,exhausted,fell asleep at once.
→As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once.
由于劳累,孩子们很快就睡着了。
4. 作让步状语,可转换为although,though或even if等引导的状语从句。
☞Although exhausted by the climb,we contin