被动句翻译.ppt

主动语态与被动语态转换
被动句翻译
英语常用结构被动式,少用意义被动式(即用主动的形式表达被动的意义):
被动语态在英语里是一种常见的现象。在某些文体中,使用被动句几乎成了一种表达****惯(passive habit)。

一、译成汉语的“被”字结构或相似结构, 如“叫, 让, 给, 受到, 遭到, 为…所…, 是…的,加以…等。
在英语中被动语态用得比较广泛,译成汉语时常用以下几种方法处理:
1. Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the throne, every one respects him.
虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王位,大家照样尊敬他。
2. They were caught in the rain yesterday.
他们昨天叫雨淋了。
3. Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
4. They were given a hearty e.
他们受到热烈欢迎。
5. He was policed by the bosses’ cops.
他受到老板雇佣的警察的监督。
I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.
我为这些话所深深感动, 后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。
By evening the occupation plete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.
至傍晚,占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
大火使这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭。
Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.
他的妻子给他的信件, 大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。
二、译成汉语主动句
英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异,汉语很少使用被动句, 因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句,主语常常省略。
例如:
1. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
他在青少年时期留下的自卑感, 还没有完全消除。
2. On their domestic stations events in the Middle east were dismissed briefly.
在他们国内的电台的广播中, 中东事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。
三、保留原主语, 被动改主动
英、汉两种语言在语法上有很大差异,汉语很少使用被动句, 因此在翻译时常常将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句,主语可以保留。例如:
1. Mr. Black was given a prize.
布拉克先生得了奖。
2. His life was cut short by cholera.
他因患霍乱而早亡。
3. He was thrown into confusion by the return of his wife.
他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。
四. 把原文中的主语译为宾语
在翻译英语的被动句时, 我们还可以把原文中的主语译为译语中的宾语。例如:
1. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by anization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.
大战终了时, 这个组织拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价。
2. It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.
如果(人们)不强烈地感到损失, 那倒是奇怪了。
五. 译成无主句
在翻译英语的被动句时, 我们还可以把英语的被动句译成汉语的无主句。例如:
1. Whenever work is being done, energy is being converted from one form into another.
做功时,能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。