Chapter 2 ics.ppt

Chapter 2: ics——the sounds of language
Outline
Scope of ics
The ans (ans)
Segments vs divergences
ic transcription
Consonants
Vowels
Narrow and broad transcriptions
Discussion
Scope of ics
Definition of ics
Three braches of ics
Articulatory ics (发音语音学)
Auditory ics(声学语音学)
Acoustic ics (听觉语音学)
Definition of ics:
the science which studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially those sounds used in speech, and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.
Three braches of ics
(1) Articulatory ics: examining the way in which a speech sound is produced.(发音语音学)
(2) Auditory ics: the impression a speech sound makes on the hearer as mediated by ear, the auditory nerve and brain. (听觉语音学)
(3)Acoustic ics: the physical properties of speech sounds, as transmitted between mouth and ear by certain instruments. (声学语音学)
The ans (ans)
(1) The initiator of the air-stream (气流出处)
air-stream: sources of energy
(2) The vocal cords (声带)
Larynx(喉): the end of windpipe
The front part of larynx- Adam’s Apple
Inside – vocal cords: two folds of membrane (带膜)
The space between the vocal cords: glottis (声门)
Three main functions of larynx:
 glottal stop(喉塞音)[ ?] – close tightly
 voiced sounds – together with a narrow passage
. pitch: vibration of the vocal cords &length of the vocal cords
 voiceless sound- wide apart
(3) The resonating cavities (共鸣腔)
classifications: pharynx (咽)
 the nasal cavity
 the oral cavity: palate (hard
& soft palate) (腭)
uvula (小舌)
alveolar ridge (齿龈脊)
tongue:front back
blade tip (P33)
(4) Teeth & lips
ans (vocal tract): oral and nasal
Segments vs divergences (音段与分化)
segments:a ic alphabet represents speech in form of segments, or individual speech sounds like /p/ /s/ /m/
.: above four segments – a b o v
divergences:
. the sound of ‘a’ can be diverged into /ei/ /a:/ //