Chapter 2 ics.ppt

Chapter2:ics——(ans)(发音语音学)ics(声学语音学)ics(听觉语音学):thesciencewhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofhumansound-making,especiallythosesoundsusedinspeech,andprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,(1)ics:examiningthewayinwhichaspeechsoundisproduced.(发音语音学)(2)ics:theimpressionaspeechsoundmakesonthehearerasmediatedbyear,theauditorynerveandbrain.(听觉语音学)(3)ics:thephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,astransmittedbetweenmouthandearbycertaininstruments.(声学语音学)(ans)(1)Theinitiatoroftheair-stream(气流出处) air-stream:sourcesofenergy(2)Thevocalcords(声带)Larynx(喉):theendofwindpipeThefrontpartoflarynx-Adam’sAppleInside–vocalcords:twofoldsofmembrane(带膜)Thespacebetweenthevocalcords:glottis(声门)Threemainfunctionsoflarynx:glottalstop(喉塞音)[?]–closetightly voicedsounds–:vibrationofthevocalcords&lengthofthevocalcords voicelesssound-wideapart(3)Theresonatingcavities(共鸣腔) classifications:pharynx(咽)thenasalcavitytheoralcavity:palate(hard&softpalate)(腭)uvula(小舌)alveolarridge(齿龈脊)tongue:frontbackbladetip(P33)(4)Teeth&ans(vocaltract):(音段与分化)segments:icalphabetrepresentsspeechinformofsegments,orindividualspeechsoundslike/p//s//m/ .:abovefoursegments–abov divergences: ‘a’canbedivergedinto/ei//a:///