2014年研究生考前答案（799673535）.pdf

Directions:<Q-799673535>
Read the following text and answer the questions by reading information from
the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right
column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Make your answer on ANSWER
SHEET 1. (10 points)
“University history, the history of what man has plished in the world,
is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian
Thomas Carlyle Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form.
This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader
truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our
forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not
inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant
recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his
rambling writing Debins Illustribus—on Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or
virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering
fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which olo
Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness,
and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of essful