各省市生物高考题分类汇编及解析.doc

20１3年各省市高考真题分类汇编（1５套待续）
目录
1． 走近细胞及细胞的物质组成·······································２
2. 细胞的结构····························································4
3. 物质的输入和输出···················································7
4.　酶与AＴP································································7
5。 呼吸作用和光合作用················································9
6。　细胞的生命历程······················································23
7． 遗传规律·······························································27
８。　遗传的细胞基础······················································３２
9.　伴性遗传和人类遗传病·············································３4
１0．遗传的分子基础······················································40
11。生物的变异、育种与进化··········································４4
１2．人体的内环境与稳态················································54
··········································55
１4．植物的激素调节······················································６８
····························································73
1６．生态系统与环境保护················································81
１7。生物技术实践·························································86
·························································９2
１9。实验·····································································9０
1、走近细胞及细胞的物质组成
(20１3江苏卷）
A。 脂质不参与生命活动的调节 　　 　 　Ｂ.　蛋白质是生物体主要的能源物质
Ｃ。　核酸是生物体储存遗传信息的物质 　 Ｄ． 糖类不参与细胞识别和免疫调节
【答案】C
【解析】有的脂质参与生命活动的调节，如性激素（属于固醇类）参与激素调节,A错误;生物体主要的能源物质是糖类，Ｂ错误；核酸是生物体储存遗传信息的物质，ＤNA是主要的遗传物质，C正确;细胞识别主要与细胞表面的糖蛋白有关,糖蛋白是由多糖和蛋白质结合形成，D错误.
【试题评价】该题对生物体内的有机物的基础知识，及与生命活动的关系进行考查，涉及面较宽,但难度不大，旨在考查学生的识记与理解能力。
(20１3大纲卷)３．关于ＨIV的叙述，正确的是
A。　HIＶ在活细胞外能大量增殖
B. HＩV仅含有核糖体这一种细胞器
C。 HIV主要攻击B细胞，使人体无法产生抗体
D。 艾滋病患者的血液中可以检出HIＶ这种病毒
【答案】D
【解析】HIV是病毒,必须依赖活细胞才能大量繁殖，A错误;ＨＩV不含有核糖体，B错误；HIＶ主要攻击T细胞,C错误；HIV通过体液传播，所以在患者的血液中能够检出HＩＶ，D正确。
【试题点评】本题综合了病毒、细胞器和免疫调节相关知识,考查学生的知识综合运用能力。难度适中。
（２013重庆卷）１。下列有关细胞物质组成的叙述，正确的是
A．在人体活细胞中氢原子的数目最多

Ｃ。多糖在细胞中不与其他分子相