英美名篇选读.doc

Sonnets
【选文提要】
，。。下面的两首明显是写给他年轻潇洒的好友。
Sonnet18
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day1?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease2 hath all too short a date:
Sometime3 too hot the eye of heaven4 shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course5 untrimmed6:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou grow’st7,
Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines8 to time thou grow’st,
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this9, and this gives life to summer’s day: a day in summer. In England, summer is the best(mildest)season of the year.
2 lease: a space of time 延续的一段时间
3 sometime: sometimes
4 the eye of heaven :the sun
5 by chance, or nature’s changing course: either by fortune or by the normal course of change in the natural world
6 untrimmed: stripped of its beauty 夺走了美
7 thou ow’st: you own; you possess
8 eternal lines: immortal lines of poetry 不朽的诗行
9 this: this poem
【作品赏析】
第18首十四行诗是莎士比亚十四行诗的精品之一。前八行诗人通过比喻说明岁月无情，青春难再；后四行突然转述作者的笔可以让他热爱的朋友永葆青春，最后同志行小结：人可以随诗行永存。全诗有清晰“起、承、转、合”过程，表达了，“唯有文学可以同时间搞衡”的人文主义思想。
Questions
Shakespeare’s use of the“summer’s day”.Why does he choosc this image?
are the theme and the rhetorical devices of this sonnet?

Francis Bacon (1561—1626)
【作家简介】
弗兰西斯·培根是英国17世纪杰出的唯物主义哲学家、科学家和作家。他出生于贵族之家，父亲是伊丽莎白女王的掌玺大臣。培根少年早慧，12岁就进入剑桥大家三一学院学****16岁毕业，23岁成为下议院成员。培根曾受聘任伊丽莎白女王的特别法律顾部，还担任过首席检察官、掌玺大臣和英国***官，受封男爵、子爵、后被控受贿而被弹劾去职。培根的主要著作有：《学术的进展》（Advancement of Learning,1650）、《新工具》（Novum Organum,1620）、《新大西洋岛》（The New Atlantic,1626）。而让他闻名于文坛的则是他的《随笔》（Essays,1625）。
OF Studies
【选文提要】
《论读书》是《随笔》所收集的15篇短文之一，认述了为何读书和如何读好，娓娓道来，“足以怡情”，给人启迪。
Studies serve for delight, for ornament,and for use for