新目标英语九年级第三单元学案笔记.doc

三单元? 1 语法:语态: ?①英语有两种语态:主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Cats eat fish . (主动语态)猫吃鱼。? Fish is eaten by cats .( 被动语态) 鱼被猫吃。?②被动语态的构成由“助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时? am ? are + 过去分词? is ? English is spoken in many countries. 一般过去时? was + 过去分词? were + 过去分词? This bridge was built in 1989. 情态动词? can/should ? may +be+ 过去分词? must/ ……? The work must be done right now. ?③被动语态的用法?当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者, 或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。?被动语态的几种类型?有两个宾语的句子的被动语态(直接宾语,间接宾语) ?常见的接双宾语的动词有?通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语;和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。?如: Hegave meabook. ?-Iwas given abook byhim. (以 I做主语) ?-Abook was given tomebyTom. (以物 book 作主语) ?Heteaches usEnglish. ?-Weare taught English byhim. (以人当主语) ?-English istaught usbyhim. (以物作主语) ?含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态?keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语位置不变。?Wekeep food fresh inthe fridge. ?主谓宾宾补?-Food iskept fresh inthe fridge. ?Isaw him gointo the office building. ?-Hewas seen togointo the office building. ?英语中有“十大动词”的说法,即 feel ,hear ,listen ,have , make ,let ,look ,watch , ?see ,notice ,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加 to ,但变被动句时必须加 to. ?(3)含有短语的主动语态变被动语态?不及物动词没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动?词之后,其作用相当于及物动词,可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时,不能去掉构?成短语动词的介词或副词?They take good care ofmychild. ?-Mychild istaken good care of ?他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。?Iturned off the radio. ?-The radio was turned off (byme) ?附:动词短语的被动语态?take care of-betaken care of ?cut down -becut down ?laugh at-belaughed at ?look after -belooked after ?下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加- by ?becovered with …用…覆盖着?beinterested in…对…感兴趣?besurprised at…对…感到惊奇?bemade of(from )用…制造的?(4)由情态动词形成的被动语态?含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时,在情态动词后面加上 be动词即可,其句型如下: ?肯定句:主语+情态动词( can ,may ,must )+be+ 过去分词…?否定句:主语+情态动词+ not +be+过去分词…?疑问句:情态动词(Can ,May ,Must )+主语+ be+过去分词+ …. ?如: Weshould allow teenagers tosurf the . ?-Teenagers should beallowed tosurf the . ?Can you use it?你会使用它吗? ?-Can itbeused ? ??当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时,不能改为被动语态。??他在镜中看见了自己的模样。?Weoften help each other. ?我们常常互相帮助。?当谓语是表状态的及物动词时(如 have ,lik