高中文言文阅读教学中图式理论的应用的研究.pdf

摘要本文的目的是从心理学角度去看待文言文阅读现象和教学现状,并尝试解决教学问题。第一部分笔者首先从图式理论的含义、图式分类、信息处理方式、特点和功能等五方面来介绍图式理论。图式理论是关于人的知识的理论,图式是知识在人脑中的表征,这种表征具有结构性等特点。从图式理论来看,语文阅读是学生原有认知结构(旧图式)与阅读课文中新知识的相互联系和作用,从而在学生头脑中构建新的知识结构(新图式),或者对原有知识结构进行调整、补充、丰富和修正的过程。而文言文作为一种古代书面语言,与现代汉语之间既有联系,也有差异,并且差异巨大。这种差异既是它的特点,也是教学难点。第二部分中笔者利用图式理论与阅读的内在关系从学生图式的构成角度来分析学生阅读失败的原因,也从学生图式构成的角度获得了启示:丰富学生的图示,建构学生良好的认知结构。第三部分着重讨论了图式理论对教师的启示。文言文阅读教学效果不好,不仅有学生的原因,也有语文教师的问题。教师的专业知识构成对学生和教学有直接影响,笔者借用了国外学者对教师知识系统的研究成果,说明现代教师应具备的知识结构。同时以具体文言文为例,列举出教师应具备的具体图式,最后从图式的结构规律出发探讨了几种教学方法的运用。关键词:图式理论;中学语文;文言文阅读教学;知识结构;教学方法 Abstract The purpose ofthispaper is tolook 011 thephenomenon ofclassical Chinese reading and theactuality ofclassical Chinese education from thepsychological point ofview,and try tosolvetheproblem ofteaching. Inthefirstpart,thepaper introduced theschema theory from fiveaspects such as thesignification,information processing approach,trait,functions ofschema theory and the inherent relationship between schemata and Theory is akind oftheory about man’ schema isrepresentation of knowledge inthehuman brain,which have Scharacterization such蕊constitutive Schema Theory on text reading which istheaffiliation and process between thepast schema ofstudent and thenew schema inthe texttheschema ofthe student can beadjusted to aintegrated writtenlanguage,there is a good relationship inhistory between Classical Chinese and Modem Chinese and also agreat difference which isitstraitanddifficulty inteaching. In thesecondpart,thepaper analysed the reason forleading tothefailure of Classical Chinese reading fromSchema thesame timethe illumination of making theepistem enriched and thecognitive structure constructed isturned up. The lastpart ofthepaper emphasized the assistofSchema theory forChinese teacher who has a joint and several responsibility for the failure of students’ paper quoted theforeign research toshow theepistem structure ofChinese teachers should