机械外文翻译.doc

机械外文翻译
机械外文翻译
机械外文翻译
Lａtｈes
Lathes aｒe mａchine　ｔｏolｓ ｄｅｓigneｄ　primarｉly　tｏ ｄo tuｒniｎｇ，　ｆaciｎg　anｄ bｏrｉng, Ｖery lｉttle tuｒniｎｇ　is dｏne　on　oｔhｅr typeｓ of　machinｅ tools， aｎｄ nonｅ ｃａn dｏ it wiｔｈ equal faｃilｉｔy.　Ｂeｃauｓe lａtｈｅs　also caｎ do ｄrilling and　ｒeａmiｎg, ｔhｅiｒ　veｒsaｔｉliｔy ｐermits sevｅｒal oｐｅｒａtｉｏnｓ　tｏ be done ｗith a siｎｇｌe　ｓetup ｏｆ tｈe　worｋ　ｐiｅｃe．　Conｓeｑueｎtｌｙ， mｏre　lａtｈeｓ ｏf　varioｕｓ ｔypｅs ａｒe　uｓed ｉｎ manufacturing ｔhan ａny oｔhｅr machine　ｔｏｏl。
Tｈe ｅssｅnｔiａl　coｍｐｏｎｅnts　ｏｆ a ｌatｈe are　tｈe　ｂｅｄ, heaｄｓtocｋ asseｍblｙ, taｉlstoｃk　ａｓsembｌy,　and the　leads ｃreｗ and feeｄ ｒｏd。
Ｔhe　bｅd　ｉs the backbｏne of　a ｌathe. It usuａlly　iｓ　ｍａｄe ｏf well　normaｌized　ｏｒ aged　gｒay or　nｏdulaｒ cast iron ａｎｄ proｖiｄes s hｅavy, rigiｄ frａｍe on which　alｌ the　oｔhｅｒ basiｃ coｍponents ａre moｕnｔed． Tｗo sｅts　oｆ　paraｌｌel, longitudｉnaｌ ways,　ｉｎner ａnd outｅｒ， arｅ　cｏntａined ｏｎ thｅ bｅd， usｕally on ｔhe ｕｐpｅr ｓiｄe. Soｍe　makerｓ ｕｓｅ ａn　inｖｅｒtｅd　V—ｓｈaｐｅ foｒ all foｕr　waｙs， wherｅａs　oｔｈｅrs　uｔｉｌizｅ　ｏｎe　ｉnｖeｒtｅd　V ａnd ｏne ｆlaｔ　ｗay ｉn ｏne ｏｒ　ｂoth　ｓｅts, Ｔhey are　ｐreｃisiｏn-machｉneｄ to ａssure accｕrａcy of aｌｉｇnｍenｔ。 Oｎ ｍｏsｔ mｏdｅｒn ｌａtheｓ ｔｈｅ ｗay aｒe ｓurfaｃｅ—ｈaｒｄened to　resｉsｔ wｅar aｎd abｒasion， but ｐrecａution shｏuld　ｂe ｔaｋeｎ ｉｎ　operａtiｎg ａ ｌathe to aｓsure that ｔhe wayｓ are　noｔ dａmaged. Anｙ inaｃｃuｒａcy　ｉn theｍ usｕａｌｌy meanｓ ｔｈat　ｔhe ａccｕracy ｏf ｔhｅ enｔｉｒe lａｔhｅ is dｅｓtｒｏｙeｄ。
Thｅ ｈeaｄstock　iｓ ｍｏunted ｉｎ a fｏxeｄ　pｏsｉｔion on ｔhe　ｉnneｒ ｗays， ｕｓually at　tｈｅ　lｅｆt　eｎd oｆ　ｔｈｅ bed. Ｉｔ ｐroviｄeｓ ａ pｏweｒｅd mｅａns of rotatｉｎg　thｅ word at varｉous spｅeｄs　。　Ｅsｓeｎtially， it coｎsｉstｓ of ａ　hollｏw spｉndle, moｕnｔed　iｎ accｕrate beariｎｇs, and　a sｅt　oｆ ｔrａnｓmission gｅａrｓ—ｓimilar　to a ｔｒuck tranｓmissioｎ－ｔｈrough whiｃh　ｔhe spindle ｃａｎ　bｅ　rｏtａted　ａｔ a ｎｕmbｅr ｏｆ sｐeeds．　Ｍｏst lathｅｓ proviｄe ｆrom ８ to 18　speeｄs, usuaｌlｙ ｉｎ ａ gｅometric ｒaｔiｏ,　and ｏｎ　modeｒn latｈes aｌｌ tｈｅ　speeds　can bｅ ｏbtａinｅｄ ｍerｅlｙ by moｖing　froｍ　tｗｏ　to fouｒ leｖｅrs．　An incｒeasｉng　tｒend　ｉs to　provide ａ cｏntiｎuously vａriablｅ speed ｒanｇｅ thｒouｇh ｅｌｅctricaｌ ｏr　meｃhanｉcaｌ ｄrivｅs.
机械外文翻译