英语翻译训练方法：谈英语定语从句的汉译.doc

英语翻译训练方法:谈英语定语从句的汉译(1) 英语和汉语分属两种不同语系,其差别很大,翻译起来有诸多困难,英语定语从句汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛,因此,我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律,从而很好地解决它。一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰先行项起限制作用,在意义上与先行项密切不可分。如被省去,主句意思就含糊不清,甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。(一)定语词组① I have but one lamp by which my feed are guided. 我只有一盏指路明灯。② It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river. 火车站广大场地,河里鳞次梯比船只,她也同样不能理解。③ Before following her in her round of seeking, let us look at the sphare in which her future was t o lie. 我们暂且把她找寻工作事搁下来不谈,先看一看她前途所寄托这个世界。④...and the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken ……而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住柔丝,不得不就此断绝了。(二)并列从句 1)省略英语先行项① The lungs are subjecd to several diseases which are treatable by surgery. 肺易受几种疾病侵袭,但均可经手术治疗。②A little way on she saw a great door which, for some reason, attracted her attention. 又走了一些路,她看见一个大门,不知怎,引起了她注意。③ As a result, a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner c ommon to gossip. 结果就造成一阵闲话,暗中在公寓里流传,闲话一般都是如此。④A will had been made which divide the small tax – eaten property equally among the remaining f our, so that it was really of no interest to any of them. 遗嘱已立好,把这片快要给税吃光薄产平分给四个孩子,但谁都对此不感兴趣。上述定语从句例句比(一)里定语从句例句长些,因此,就不宜译成定语词组成形式。否则,译句就会显得太长且不符合汉语表达****惯。如④就不宜译成“把这片快要给税吃光薄产平分给四个孩子中遗嘱早已立好,谁都对此不感兴趣。”这类从句不是长、难复杂定语从句,一般就按原文顺序位置译。上面译句第二分句,有承前省略了主语,如③④,有借用第一分句不定语作逻辑主语,如①② 2)重复英语先行项① At dim