金银花与石漠化治理.doc

生命科学概论 1 金银花与石漠化治理摘要: 石漠化作为我国三大生态灾害之一, 不仅使青山变成光秃秃的石头山、土地贫瘠, 还严重制约了当地经济发展。尤其是西南岩溶地区的石漠化最为严峻, 其中三分之一在贵州, 而贵州的石漠化面积还在以每年 100 万亩的速度递增。因此, 治理石漠化、加强西南地区生态建设是维护我国整体生态安全、全面实现小康社会的紧迫任务,是西部大开发战略中林业建设的重要内容。经过专家考证和农民试种, 如今, 种植金银花、花椒等经济作物已被认为是治理岩溶地区石漠化问题、让农民脱贫致富的有效途径之一。其中, 由于金银花具有生长快、寿命长、发达、生命力强、枝条多、叶子密度大、郁闭快的生物学特性, 而且它还具有更新强、耐旱、耐盐碱的特点, 枝叶课蔓牵于石块、岩石上, 及其特殊的生理结构, 因此金银花对石漠化的防治及治理有重要的作用。 Abstract: The desertification as one of three major ecological disaster, not only the Castle into a bare stone mountains, barren, has seriously hampered local economic development. Particularly in the southwest most severe desertification in karst regions, where one-third of Guizhou, Guizhou and desertification area has an annual increase rate of 100 mu. Therefore, desertification control, strengthening ecological construction in Southwest China is to maintain the overall ecological safety, the full realization of the urgent task of well-off society, the western development strategy in the forestry, the important content. Research by experts and farmers try to grow, and now, planting honeysuckle, pepper and other crops has been considered the issue 生命科学概论 2 of governance karst rocky desertification area, so that one effective way to local farmers. Among them, the honeysuckle has a fast growth, long life, developed, vitality, and more branches, leaves, density, canopy fast biological characteristics, but it also has a strong update, drought, salinity characteristics, foliage class Man pull the stones, rocks, and the special physiological structure, honeysuckle on desertification prevention and treatment has an important role. 关键词: 金银花,喀斯特石漠化,石漠化,生态建设模式综述一、金银花金银花为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬( Lomcera japomca Thunb ), 半常绿藤本; 幼枝洁红褐色, 密被黄褐色、开展的硬直糙毛、腺毛和短柔毛, 下部常无毛。叶纸质, 卵形至矩圆状卵形, 有时卵状披针形, 稀圆卵形或倒卵形。主根和各级侧根组成直根系, 分布于 10~ 30c m 土层中, 根长达 5~ 8m, 下垂枝触地在适宜的温度条件下可生根生长; 茎为缠绕茎,黄褐色,长达 10~ 15m ,茎节 5~ 30cm ;叶卵形,单叶对生,叶长 4~ 6cm ,宽 2~ 3cm ,基部浑圆,先端钝或短尖,叶边全缘,叶柄有短柔毛,叶片正反面被柔毛,叶背较浓密,叶面浑绿色, 叶背淡绿色; 花成对腋生, 多集中在分枝 8~ 10 节间以上或顶部花序柄上开放, 雌雄***花, 具芳香味, 苞