第27章 肝炎00.ppt

? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College ?第3节肝炎病毒? Hepatitis Viruses 学****目标学****目标? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College 、乙、丙型肝炎病毒的致病性与免疫性、防治原则。 、抗原抗体系统和实验室检查。 。肝炎病毒( 肝炎病毒( Hepatitis virus Hepatitis virus ) ) ■以侵害肝脏为主引起病毒性肝炎的病毒■种类: –甲型肝炎病毒( HAV )、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV )、丙型肝炎病毒( HCV )、丁型肝炎病毒( HDV )、戊型肝炎病毒(HEV )、己型肝炎病毒(HFV ) –庚型肝炎病毒( HGV ) ? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College 甲型肝炎病毒甲型肝炎病毒生物学性状生物学性状?? HAV HAV 为球形颗粒,直径为球形颗粒,直径 27 27~ ~32nm 32nm 无包膜。基因组为线状单正链无包膜。基因组为线状单正链 RNA RNA 致致病病性性? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College ★传染源–患者和隐性感染者★传播方式:粪-口途径–污染食物、水源、海产品引起暴发或散发流行★隐性感染率高–*** HAV 抗体阳性率高达 70% —90% 致病性致病性? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College 致病机制:早期是病毒的直接损伤作用,随后发生病理性免疫损伤。临床表现:发热、疲乏、食欲不振、肝大、压痛、肝功能损害、黄疸等。防治原则防治原则? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College ★加强食品卫生管理,水源管理★减毒疫苗已应用,基因工程疫苗正在研制★紧急预防可用丙种球蛋白乙乙型型肝肝炎炎病病毒毒? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College ●1963 年布隆伯格( Blumberg ) 在多次输血的血友病患者中发现澳抗, 1968 年确与血清型肝炎高度相关, 1970 年Dane 在电镜下看到具有传染性的 42nm 病毒颗粒●HBV 在亚洲广泛流行,在中国约 10% 人口携带该病毒,全球约 亿? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College 形态与结构? Department of Microbiology,The Affiliated Health School of Shenyang Medical College 电镜检查血清标本可见小球形颗粒电镜检查血清标本可见小球形颗粒( (22nm 22nm )、管形颗粒( )、管形颗粒( 22nmx50 22nmx50 ——700nm 700nm )、)、大球形颗粒( 大球形颗粒( 42nm 42nm ) )