Chapter Four Word Formation (B) 构词法 General introduction General introduction Affixation(30%-40%) Compounding(28%-30%) Conversion (26%) The most productive methods Shortening (8%-10%) Blending 1%-5% clipping acronymy Backformation Sound reduplication 复合法复合法 1. The definition pounding (position) and compound by joining two or more bases. words formed in this way handwriting, green hand, brothers-in-law, will-o ’-the-wisp( 鬼火) pounds ? Phonological features ? Two stresses, usually on the first syllable. ? . ’ fat head (phrase: a fat ‘ head) ?(But not absolute) . ash- ’ blonde Ash-blonde Light ash-blonde Black ash-blonde ? Semantic features ? pounds ’ meanings have something to do with their member words, eg. darkroom; ? Some not, eg. hot dog, have-not ? Grammatical features ? He bad-mouthed me. ? New-borns Lookers-by ? Orthographical features Solid . silkworm Hyphenated . honey-moon Open . tear gas ( 固体、连体、分离体), callgirl, call-girl call girl (a female prostitute who can be hired by telephone ). ? pound nouns, adjectives and verbs, there are ? compound prepositions, . throughout, ? compound connections, . however; compound pronouns, . nobody 3. Formation pounds(P-69) – pounds: stockholder – pounds : town-bred – pounds : ? Through conversion: nickname----to nickname lip-reading ----- to lip-read ? Through backformation: chain-smoker----to chain-smoke
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