中考英语易混淆词汇辨析.doc

1 中考词汇辨析§1a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。Ⅰ.二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿”“有些”。如: 1I am a bit/a little hungry. 我有点饿。 2 He walked a bit/a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。Ⅱ.二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如: ①A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。②I know only a little /a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。Ⅲ。a little 可直接修饰名词; a bit 后须加 of 才可以。如: 1. There isa little water in the bottle. = There isa bit of water in the bottle. [ 注意]a little of 后的名词通常特指,表“……中的一些”,如: ① May I have a little of your tea? Ⅳ. 否定形式 not a little 作状语,相当于 very/ quite, “很”,“非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于 much, 意为“许多”。而 not a bit 作状语时, 相当于 not at all, 意为“一点也不”, 作宾语时则相当于 not much. Eg: 1 He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 2 He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry. 他一点也不饿。 3 She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。Ⅴ. Not a bit 中的 not 可以分开使用; not a littl e 中的 not 则不能分开。 Eg: 1 He felt not a bit tired. = He didn ’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 2 He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说: He didn ’t fell a little tired. §2a few/ few/ a little/ little Ⅰ.a few 和 few 修饰可数名词, a little 和 little 修饰不可数名词; a few 和a little 表示肯定意义, few 和 little 表示否定意义,可受 only 修饰。如: ① Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous. ② This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. 3 There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some 4 Don ’t worry, we have a little time left. §3 above/over/on/upon Ⅰ. 方位介词, “在……之上”Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为: below. 1 The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 2 The aero plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面, 或铺在……上面。此时不能用 above. 代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为 under. 1 Spread the tablecloth over the table. 把桌布铺在桌子上。Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 1 The book is on the desk. 2 There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与 on 没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。 1 He laid his hand upon the boy ’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。[注] up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。① We run upa hill. 我们跑上山。② The plane was high up in the air. 飞机在高空中。§4 accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其