学科网3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题22阅读理解——科普知识（学生版）.doc

【考点定位】 201 3 考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文, 它是阅读理解重要内容, 也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐?而科普类文章往往具有跨学科?行文逻辑性强等特点, 要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握?【试题特点】①注重学科渗透, 行文逻辑性强, 内容抽象?②贴近学生的学****生活实际, 有利于激发学生的思维, 对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用?③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析?解决实际问题的能力?(4) 科学方法图示判断题科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题, 这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点, 要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系; 或以工艺流程为命题题点, 要求考生判断正确的流程顺序, 或以生产方法为命题题点, 要求考生判断正确的生产方法; 或以机械配制为命题题点,要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍, 并且边读边画简易草图, 以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况,找出各图不同之处,以便最终做出正确判断。【考点 pk 】名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的, 所有这些信息以某种顺序(时间、空间、情感变化等)排列起来,来进一步解释或阐释主题,体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力,属于表层理解题范畴, 难度较小, 但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大, 细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问,也常使用下列方式来提问 of the following statements is(not) true/correct? of the following is not mentioned? of the following are true except... to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc... ? 1. 直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息, 采用针对性方法进行阅读, 因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如: A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river. This huge dam is in the Black is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other ona road , which is on the top of the dam is so big that there is an elevator elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor ofa president of the United Dam , one of the highest dams in the world , is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q: Hoover Dam lies______ . Arizona and Nevada the Black Canyon New York and San Francisco A and B 【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是 D 项。 2. 间接事实题解答此类题, 需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的