2017中考英语各类从句及考点.doc

复合句的概念:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。:在句中起到宾语的作用。: ( 1)作动词的宾语: 例: I heard that he joined the army. She did not know what had happened. (2) 作形容词的宾语例: I am afraid that I have made a mistake. (3) 作介词的宾语例: Our ess depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. : (一) .连接词: 1. 引导陈述句用 that (在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)。 if或 whether 。注意:下列几种情况通常使用 whether : ( 1). 在具有选择意义又有 or或 or not 时,尤其是直接与 or not 连用时,往往用 whether ; 例: I don ’t know whether he e back or not. ( 2).在介词之后用 whether ; 例: They are talking about whether he will win the game. Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 3. 引导特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词。(二) .语序:尤其要注意,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序: 即主语一定在谓语前面。尤其要注意 whether, if 以及 wh-(what, why …) 疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序。例: She wants to know whether I like the film. Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (三) . 时态: 1. 主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中主语不受主句位于时态的影响。例: She says that she will leave a message on his desk. She says that sh has never been to Beijing. ,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时) 例: He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. He said he was going to take care of the baby. 3. 主句谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句叙述某一客观真理时, 宾语从句用一般现在时。例: She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. (四) .否定转移:当宾语从句表示否定的意义时,若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是 think / believe / suppose / expect 等时, 应在主句上加以否定。例: I don ’t think you are right. I don ’t believe that he has finished his work. (五) .注意 if或 when 引导的宾语从句和状语从句的不同。 if/ when 引导宾语从句时,意思分别为“是否”和“何时”,此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。 if和 when 引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果”和“当……的时候”,此时如果主句是一般将来时,从句部分则用一般现在时。例: We are not sure if it will snow tomorrow. If it snows, we won ’t climb the South Hill. 状语从句一. 概念和分类:用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。分类:时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句, 目的状语从句,结果状语从句,条件状语从句,方式状语从句,让步状语从句和比较状语从句。(一) . 时间状语从句: 引导时间状语从句的词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, as soon as, ever since, till, until, once, whenever, no sooner … than …, hardly … when …, th