专业八级人文知识总结.doc

专业八级人文知识总结专业八级人文知识取消英语专业八级新题型星火专业八级人文知识英语专业八级改革篇一:专八人文知识总结今天下午 4 点刚回到北京, 回到家看到很多同学发来关于专 8 的邮件,在这几天我会与大家交流人文,听力和改错的技巧。下周一北京的同学可以来听我专八考前终极技巧( 教你如何不看题答对 60 %以上的答案) 以及串讲课, 外地的同学可以留意校内。每年 10 分的人文知识,很多同学没法取得高分, 其实文学是最容易拿分的, 10 分至少取得 6 分以上才有希望通过, 下面是我在部分高校教专八的部分文学和语言学的讲义,请同学们必须全背下来。(主要是把所有的关系词,也就是名词) Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens. 2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language ora language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中, 对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学 3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure bined to form grammatical sentences. 句法,研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科 4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms. 语义学,以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学 5. acronym : 首字母组合词, 首字母缩略词, 比如, NATO, UNESCO, BASIC, 它们可以连拼,但 VOA 是 Initialism 。 6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻, 一种, 一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法, 如用华盛顿代替美== 或用剑代替军事力量,对面来了三个“红领巾”也是,以红领巾指代少先队员。 7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things pared, often ina phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare). 明喻, 一种修辞手法, 把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较, 通常在由 lik e 或 as 引导的短语中,如“我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”(莎士比亚) 8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an parison, as ina sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法, 通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物, 从而暗示它们之间的相似之处,如“忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”( 莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟 9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms bined, as ina deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法,如在震耳欲聋的沉默