教师版2014届高考英语三轮冲刺精选预测讲义介词.doc

2 .考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。尤其是在一定的语言环境中,辨析意义相同或相近以及使用范围不同的介词或介词短语。 3 .考查介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词,不同的搭配可用来表示种种不同的意义。 2014 年对介词和介词短语辨析的考查依然是考试的重点。【重点知识梳理】一、表示时间的介词 1 . in , on , at , over (1)in 表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般( 非特指) 的早、中、晚等。如: in the 1950s , in 1989 , in summer , in January , in one's thirties , in the morning 等。(2)on 表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如: on May 1st , on Monday , ona cold night in January, ona fine morning 等。(3)at 表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间,也泛指圣诞节,复活节等。如: at3 : 20 , at this time of year , at Christmas , at night , at this moment 等。(4)over 后面接一段时间,表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如: David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months. (5) 在 last , next , this , that , some , every 等词之前一律不用介词。如: He went to Japan last year. We meet every day. 2 . in , after (1) “ in +一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如: My mother e back in three or four days. (2) “ after +一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如: He arrived after five months. (3) “ after +具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如: She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon. The rain began to fall after seven. 3 . from , since , for (1)from 后接具体时间,说明从什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如: I hope to do morning exercises from today. (2)since 后接具体过去时间,表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。如: We have not seen each other since 2010. (3)for 后接一段时间,通常与完成时连用。如: I have been in the army for 5 years. 二、表示地点方位的介词 1 . at , in , on , to (1)at 表示在小地方或“在……附近;在……旁边”。如: He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. (2)in 表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如: He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Shandong lies in the east of China. (3)on 表示毗邻或接壤。如: Russia lies on the north of China. (4)to 表示“在……范围外”,不强调是否接壤。如: Japan is to the east of China. 2 . above , over , on (1)above 意为“在……上方”, 只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与 below 相对。如: The bird is flying above my head. (2)over 意为“在……之上”,表示垂直高于,与 under 相对。 over 强调与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。如: There isa bridge over the river. (3)on 意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如: He put his watch on the desk. 2 . above , over , on (1)ab