教师版2014届高考英语三轮冲刺精选预测讲义名词性从句.doc

从句中不担任成分,有时可省略。 2 .考查名词性从句的语序和时态。 3 .考查 it 作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如: (1)It + be +形容词(necessary, important, obvious 等)+ that 从句. (2)It + be +过去分词+ that 从句. (3)It + be +名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour 等)+ that 从句. (4)It +不及物动词(appear, happen 等)+ that 从句. 4 .名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如: (1)It is (was) + essential (important, natural …)+ that …; (2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired …)that …等。 5. what 引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如: what = the thing that/anythin g that …; what = the place that …; what = the time that …; what = the person that …等。 6. whoever , whatever , whichever 引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。 2014 年将重点考查连接词 that , what 的用法; 特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句; wh? ever 引导的名词性从句。【重点知识梳理】一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似, 下面提供一些区分的方法: 1 .定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系; 而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。 that 在定语从句中充当句子成分, 可指物或人; 而同位语从句中的 that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。请比较: (1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting. ( 定语从句, that/which 在从句中作宾语,还可以被省略) (2)The news that our team has won is exciting. ( 同位语从句, that 从句是说明 news 的内容的, that 在从句中不作任何成分,但不能被省略) 辨析判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法, 即在名词和从句之间加入一个 be 动词,如果句子意思成立,则是同位语从句,否则,则是定语从句。如上面第二句,加上 be 动词后: The news is that our team has won. 句子意思成立,所以是同位语从句。而第一句, 加上 be 动词后: The news is that he told us. 意思不成立,因此不是同位语从句。【特别提醒】一般情况下, 同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面, 可是有的时候, 为了表达的需要, 名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了, 叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句,一定要根据句意,找准它所说明的名词。 2 .定语从句与状语从句请看两组句子: 第一组:区分 such...as... 和 such...that... (1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. (2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it. 这两句话只有一词之差, 但语法结构大相径庭: 第一句是 as 引导的定语从句, as 相当于 that/which( 但不能用 that/which) , 在从句中作 understand 的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句, that 在从句中不作成分。结论:当从句缺少句子成分时,用 such...as... ;当从句不缺少句子成分时, 用 such...that... 。第二组:选用 in which, where 填空(1)He left the key ______ he had been an hour before. (2)He left the place ______ he lived for many years. 分析:第一句只能填 where, where 引导的是地点状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处 where 不可换成 in which ,因为 in which 只能引导定语从句,本句中根本就没有先行词( 后面的从句不是修