初中被动语态课件.ppt

初中语法之被动语态一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。 如: He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 二、主动语态变为被动语态(2)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化为主语,也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语时,则保留直接宾语,若将直接宾语转化为主语时则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to或者 for 。 She gave me a book .( 变为被动语态) I was given a book .( 间接宾语 me 改为主语) A book was given to me .( 直接宾语 a book 改为主语) 将这些带双宾语的动词背下来: to的: give 给 show 给……看 send 寄 bring 带…… pass 递给…… lend ……借给 leave 留给…… hand ……交给 tell 告诉 return 归还 write 写给…… throw 扔…… promise 答应 refuse 拒绝…… for 的: pay 付钱给……, buy 买, sing 给……唱歌, make 制,做, do 做, get 得到注意:所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带 to的动词,包括感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to 及使役动词 make, let, have 和动词 help, 在变为被动语态时,还要把 to加上。例如: I saw him( 宾) enter the Room 102( 宾补).He was seen( 谓语)to enter the Room 102( 宾补).我看见他进入 102 室。(他被看见进入了 102 室。)(3)短语动词该变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可去掉构成短语动词的介词或者副词。 We should speak to old men politely.( 变为被动语态) Old men should be spoken to politely.(to 不可省略) 三、各种时态的主动语态和被动语态 : am/is/are + 过去分词 The Chinese food _____ to be the healthiest in the world. considering considered considered : was/were + 过去分词 John____, for he went swimming yesterday without permission. punished punshed punished : am/is/are+being+ 过去分词--Have you moved to the new house ? --Not yet. Rooms ______. painting painted being painting being painted : was/were +being+ 过去分词 Mr. Hu was in hospital. When we went to see him, he ____ on. operated operating being operated : will be + 过去分词