江苏省2014届高三语法专题复习-名词.doc

江苏省 2014 届高三语法专项- 名词重点讲解: 1. 可数名词可数名词包括单数名词、复数名词和集体名词。这类名词的使用原则是: 1. 单数可数名词从不单独使用, 如其前不加冠词或 one ’s, 就必须改名词单数为复数形式。 2. 复数名词或不可数名词表泛指意义时,其前不得添加任何冠词。 3. many , several , (a) few 之后,或 one of the/one ’s 之后绝不能接可数名词的单数形式。 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化形式 1. Negro — Negroes hero — heroes tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes zoo — zoos bamboo — bamboos radio — radios piano — pianos photo — photos 2. knife — knives leaf — leaves loaf — loaves wolf — wolves wife — wives half — halves thief — thieves chief — chiefs roof — roofs belief — beliefs gulf — gulfs handkerchief — handkerchiefs(handkerchieves) 3. goose — geese tooth — teeth 4. man — men woman — women gentleman — gentlemen Frenchman — Frenchmen policeman — policemen German — Germans Roman — Romans 、复数同形的名词 sheep , deer , Swiss , Portuguese , Chinese , Japanese , head (牲畜的头数), means 6. child — children mouse — mice 7. 合成名词的复数构成方式:中心名词变复数。如: passer-by → passers-by , father-in-law → fathers-in-law ;无中心名词在词尾变复数。如: grown-up → grown-ups 3. 以复数形式使用的名词总是以复数形式使用的复数名词有: clothes , trousers , glasses ( 眼镜), thanks , congratulations , preparations , goods , looks ( 外表), manners ( 礼貌), Customs ( 海关、关税), in high spirits , give regards to, give (one``s) best wishes to 4. 表复数意义的名词这类名词作主语,谓语用复数形式: 例如: cattle , police , people 集体名词这类名词作主语, 强调整体时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 强调个体及其成员时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如: class , family , team , group , party , army , enemy , crew , government , company , crowd , committee 5. 不可数名词 专有名词单个单词形式的专有名词无复数,不与冠词连用;由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。例如: China has a longer history than the United States. 学科名词和物质名词学科名词与物质名词表泛指时,不用冠词。例如: My brother likes physics while I like chemistry. 抽象名词表泛指意义的抽象名词或用在介词之后的抽象名词,不可数,不与冠词连用。抽象名词表具体意义或被某一(些)形容词修饰,与不定冠词连用。 Failure is the mother of ess. Dictionary isa great help to many people. be of (some/much/little/no/great) + 少数几个抽象名词,如 value , help , use , importance 意同“ be+ 该抽象名词的形容词形式”。 It is said that tomorrow``s meeting is of much importance. (比较: It is said that tomorrow``s meeting is very important. ) 掌握某些名词永不用复数形