英语语法——独立主格结构程序.doc

1 英语语法第八章独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时, 它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语, 从而在结构上与主语不发生关系, 我们称之为独立主格结构( Absolute Construction )。其实, 所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you , you will surely eed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。( such an able man 和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系) = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely eed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后, 他母亲开始给他讲故事。( seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语 he ,注意是“主格”) = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙, 他只好步行去学校。( lost 的逻辑主语是 the key , lost 也可以用完成式 having been lost ) = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A. 不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+ 动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 1 .动词不定式用主动的形式在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother e tonight , he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来, 他正在忙着准备饭菜。( = As his mother is e tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. ) —— will you go to the con cert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗? —— S orry . So many exer cis e-books to check,I re ally can't afford any time. 对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。(= Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time. ) The four of us agreed ona division of labor,each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。(= The four of us agreed ona division of labor and each is to translate a quarter of the book. ) Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B. -ing 形式“独立主格结构”动词的-ing 形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 Being ill, he went home. 由于生病, 他回家了。( = As he was very ill, he went home. ) Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 在课桌旁坐好后, 他开始看杂志。(= When he had seated himse