兽医产科学第九章 分娩期疾病.ppt

第九章分娩期疾病 Chapter9 The Disease of Parturition 第一节难产概述 Part One the Summary of Dystocia 难产(Dystocia) 是指由于各种原因而使分娩的第一阶段(开口期),尤其是第二阶段(胎儿排出期)明显延长,母体难于或不能排出胎儿的产科疾病。 Dystocia is a obstetrical disease, which extent the stage of cervicial dilatation and fetus expulsion, and make the dam deliver difficult or even never. 一、难产的发病率一、 The Incidence of Dystocia 牛、羊最多 cow and sheep are highest ?二、难产的病因?二、 The Factors of Dystocia ? 1. 普通病因: 是指通过影响母体或胎儿而使正常的分娩过程受阻。 common factors: hinder natural puerperal process by effecting dam or fetus. ? 2. 直接病因: 是指直接影响分娩过程的因素。 direct factors: effect natural puerperal process directly (1)母体性难产(产力性难产、产道性难产)。 Maternal Dystocia ( Lack of expulsive force 、 Abnormalities of the birth canal) (2)胎儿性难产 Fetal Dystocia ?(一)普通病因( common factors ) ? 1. 遗传因素( inheritance ):隐性基因引起畸形而难产? 2. 环境因素(environment) :多胎怀单胎? 3. 内分泌因素(incretion) :激素分泌不协调? 4. 饲养管理因素(feeding management) :营养过剩/ 不良、运动不足、早配等? 5. 传染性因素(infectivity) :传染病? 6. 外伤性因素(traumatism) :腹壁疝、骨盆肌键断裂等。?(二)直接病因( direct factors ) ?1. 母体性难产( Maternal Dystocia) ?(1) 产力性难产( Lack of expulsive force ):母畜娩出力异常子宫迟缓( uterine inertia ) 努责过强或破水过早( strong straining or premature rupture of allantoic sac ) (2 )产道性难产( Abnormalities of the birth canal ):分娩时胎儿的通路障碍①子宫捻转(uterine torsion) ②子宫疝( hysterocele ) ③子宫颈开张不全(plete dilation of the cervix) ④双子宫颈(double cervix) ⑤***、阴门及前庭狭窄( stenosis of vagina ,vulva and vestibule ) ⑥骨盆狭窄( stenosis of pelvis ) ( Fetal Dystocia ): ①胎儿与产道大小不相适应(fetomaternal disproportion) :胎儿过大(fetal oversize) 、双胎同时楔入产道(dystocis due to twins) ; Dystocia - twins ?②胎儿畸形(fetal anomaly) :全身气肿(fetal anasarca) 、腹腔积水(abdominal ascites) 、裂腹畸形(schistosomus reflexus) 、先天性假佝偻(chondrodystrophy) 、先天性歪颈(wry neck) 、胎头积水(hydrocephalus) 、重复畸形(duplication) ;