第九章 时态和语态.ppt

语法部分第九章时态和语态 1. 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时的所有用法;掌握过去完成时的基本用法。 2. 了解过去将来时和现在完成进行时的基本用法。 3. 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时的被动语态;了解现在完成时、过去进行时、一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。考纲要求一般式进行式完成式现在时过去时将来时过去将来时现在完成进行时 am/is/are doing did will/shall do am/is/are going to do be about to do be to do do/does was/were doing would/should do have/has done had done was/were going to do have/has been doing 动词时态----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- do 一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作****惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与一般现在时连用的用作时间状语的副词有 often , usually , as usual , sometimes , every day , always 等。(2) here , there , up , out , in, often , away 等词放在句首,构成倒装句,表示现在正在进行的动作或状态,均用一般现在时。如: There comes the bus! Hurry up! Here runs a boy! 一般现在时(3)一些表示状态、感觉、心理活动的动词,如: hear , know , love , like , hate , fear , think , want , believe , see , own , cost , have , understand 等不能用进行时态,而要用一般现在时态。如: I know you well. (4)表示永恒的真理和客观事实。如: The earth moves around the sun. Light travels faster than sound. (5)含有状语的复合句,主句是将来时,状语从句要用一般现在时态。如: He e to call you if he finishes his work. 现在进行时构成: am/is/are+ 现在分词。(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。如: Look, how fast he is running ! (2)表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如: They are planting trees these days. (3)现在进行时可用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。常用的动词有 arrive , come , go , leave , stay , start 等。如: He ing back tomorrow. 一般过去时构成:用动词的过去式表示。(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时的时间状语有 ago , yesterday , two days ago , last week , in 1566 , the day before yesterday , the other day , just now , once upon a time 和 when 等连词引导的时间状语。如: Last week we bought a new house. (2)表示过去经常发生的或****惯性的动作。如: When we lived there, we often went to see him. 一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语 tomorrow , next time , next year , in a day or two , in a few weeks 等连用。构成: will (通用于所有人称) +动词原形, shall (用于第一人称) +动词原形, be going to+ 动词原形, be to+ 动词原形, be about to+ 动词原形。如: Mr. Green is going to buy a new car. Since you don ’ t want to go, I will go alone. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作或状态。构成: was/were+ 现在分词。时间状语:( 1)过去某一时