外研版高中英语book 1 module 4 Grammar.ppt

Module 4 A Social Survey---My Neighborhood Grammar 高一外研版必修一现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成: have (has) +been + doing 我学英语已经学了十年了。 I have been learning English for three years. 我等你已经等了三个小时了。 I have been waiting three hours for you. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时⑴一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情, 强调动作; 现在完成时为过去发生的, 强调过去的事情对现在的影响, 强调的是影响。(2) 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用, 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用, 或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week, … ago, in1980, in October, just now 等, 皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past … years, 等, 皆不确定的时间状语。(3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态, 动词一般是延续性的, 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know 。一般过去时常用的非持续性 e, go, leave, start, die, finish, e, get married 等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. ( 强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响, 电影的内容已经知道了) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) She has returned from Paris. (她已从巴黎回来了。) She returned yesterday. (她是昨天回来的。) 注意:句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960 )时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。例如: (错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (1 ). It is the first / second time.... that …结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the first time ( that ) I’ ve heard him sing. 用于现在完成时的句型注意: It was the third time that the boy had been late. (2 ) This is + 形容词最高级+that …结构, that 从句要用现在完成时。例如: This is the best film that I ’ ve ( ever ) seen. 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时,但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“ He has left. ”但不能说“ He has left for three years. ”如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法: 一、用 ago ,使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago. 二、用“ It is + 一段时间+ since +一般过去时从句” It is three years since he left here. 三、用“一段时间+ have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句” Three years have passed since he left here. 现在完成时与瞬间动词