16定语从句.doc

圆梦英语千里之行始于足下 2013 届新课标高考英语精华知识点终极解密专题 16定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词, 用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词, 并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。 What was the name of the man who lent you the money 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词 the man ) He who laughs lst laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。(定语从句修饰先行词 he) The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。(定语从句修饰先行词 the chairman ) B. whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中, whom 可省略或可用 who 来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用 whom 。 There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。(定语从句分别修饰先行词 people, others ) The people whomwho I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。(定语从句修饰先行词 the people ) Mr Carter, whom I spoke toon the phone last night, is very interested inor plan. 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。(非限制性定语从句中不能用 who 代替 whom ) 圆梦英语千里之行始于足下 Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室,我以前从未见过他们。(在介词后面不用 who ) C. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。 There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget. 有些人,他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。(定语从句修饰先行词 people ) I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。(定语从句修饰行词 trees ) D. which ,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 English isa language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。( which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) This isa folk song which isnow very popular. 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣( which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) The river which flows through London is the Thames. 流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。( which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词 which 作 makes 的宾语,可以省略) 2. which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句,相当于 and this 。 Jim passedhis driving test, which surprised everybody. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试,这使大家都感到惊讶。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是 the driving test ) Sheila couldn'e to the party, which was a pity. 希拉不能来参加聚会,真遗憾。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是 the party ) 3. which 在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。 John stay