虚拟语气(适合中等水平英语学习者).doc

虚拟语气虚拟条件句一般来说,英语中的虚拟语气分为两大体系:一是表示与事实相反的或假想的情形,通常由 if 引导,叫做“非真实条件句”,或者叫做“虚拟条件句”;另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令或要求等语气。虚拟条件句的两种类型是: ①假设条件句:说话者主观的愿望或态度,实现的可能性不大②事实相反句:表示与现在或过去的某个事实相反的情形★假设条件句表达的是一种在将来或现在可能性不大的情形, 但不是不可能的情形,表示说话人认为不可能,是一种比较主观的表达,而不是与客观事实相反。 Eg: IfI were to have the time tomorrow, I would help him. 解析: 这句话表明说话人“我”认为自己明天有时间的可能性不大,所以言外之意是“我”可能帮不了他。这里用虚拟只是说明可能性不大, 而不是表达与事实相违背的不可能的情形。★事实相反句表达的是一种与现在或过去的事实相违背的情形, 因此是不可能发生的,而不是可能性不大。 Eg: IfI were you, I would help him. 解析: 这里表示与现实相反的情形。因为“我”成为“你”是不可能发生的情形, 而不是可能性不大的情形了。★虚拟条件句的谓语变化虚拟的时间主句的谓语形式 IF从句的谓语形式将来 would (could,might)+do were to do/should do 现在 would (could,might)+do did 或 were 过去 would (could,might)+have done had done 或 had been ★特殊虚拟①混合虚拟(一) :主句现在+ 从句过去 Eg: IfI had not studied English, I would never be here to teach you grammar today. ②混合虚拟(二) :主句过去+ 从句现在 Eg: If you knew me better, you wouldn ’t have said that. 如果你真的理解我的话,你当时就不可能说出那种话了。③倒装虚拟:当 if 引导的条件句省去 if 时,可将 should,had 或 were 置于句首, 从而构成倒装虚拟句。 Eg: Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car. =If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car. 如果我能赢得大奖,我就会买一辆车。 Eg: Had such a disaster occurred, the damage would have been incalculable. =If such a disaster had occurred , the damage would have been incalculable. 如果这场灾难发生,损失将难以估量。④跳层虚拟(一) :陈述句+or+ 虚拟主语 Eg: We didn ’t know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. = We would have telephoned him if we had