(学生版写作).doc

1 第一章句子类型、成分和基本结构第一节英语句子分类 I. 句子类型: :简单句、并列句和复合句。(1) . 简单句:只包含一个() 的句子称为简单句。但有时一个句子可包含两个以上并列的( )。简单句是构成各类句子的基础。例如: The boy likes music very much. I enjoy playing badminton and look forward to it every weekend. My friends and I often play golf and go bowling on holidays. (2). 并列句: 如果一个句子包含两个或两个以上相互之间互不依从(从属)关系的句子,这样的句子称为并列句。在意义上,各分句是同等重要并相互关联的:在语法结构上, 它们是平行且相互没有从属关系的。并列句的各个分句之间通常由()等连接在一起。例如: The child thanked her over and over, and his face turned red 。 My uncle used to grow only vegetables, but now he also grows fruit. You had better goby underground, or you will be late for work. He started learning English at school ; therefore, he speaks English very well. This isa good book ; it kept me up all night. (3). (主从) 复合句:由一个主句和至少一个从句构成的句子称为复合句。在复合句中,主句是整个句子的主体部分,从句只是整个句子的一个成分,如宾语、状语、定语等等,不能独立存在,在句法关系上从属于主句。从句须用() 引导,来表明与主句的关系。例如: Although they don ’t know each other , they often talked on-line. Those who can eed at last must work hard to achieve their goals. Scientists wonder what effect global warming will have on earth. When you go for a job interview, you should be polite. 、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。分类定义例句陈述句 He bought a new schoolbag for John. There aren ’t many trees now. 疑问句 Do you play table tennis? What time do you get up every day? Do you like bananas or apples? You are fond of music, aren ’t you? 祈使句 Pass me the ball. Let ’s go now. Don ’t talk loudly here. 感叹句 What a heavy rain! How beautiful the park is! 2 3. 几种特殊句型: ( 1) . There- 存在句(a). 表示人或物的存在,表示“某地有某人或某物”。 There isa photo of my family on the wall. There are many pupils on the playground. (b). 说明新的信息,如同志某项安排,报道某事等。例如 There will bea new film on Channel 38 tonight. There was a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 yesterday. (c) ).说明自然现象,注意与 it句型的不同用法: There was a heavy snow last night. It was snowy last night. 注意: be动词以外,()等状态动词也能用于这个句型。在此句型中, be有( )的变化,也可以与( )连用。 There must be/seemed to be someone in the room. There lived a Chinese artist in the village. There lies a rive