基于FPGA的电机转速测速系统设计.doc

摘要在现代工农业生产和日常工作生活中对机器设备的各方面要求越来越高,温度控制,电机测速等都是工农业生产中经常遇到的问题。我们之所以研究基于 FPG A 的电机转速测速系统,那是迫于时代发展的需要。随着科技的发展,我们发现当我们在对运动物体的速度量进行测量时由于器件选择不当产生了误差, 从而直接或间接地影响了测量结果的精度,这就满足不了生产和生活的需要。于是我们提出一种使用增量式光电编码器对运动物体速度进行测量的方法, 避免了上述误差的产生, 节约了成本而且实现简单,理论上可以达到更高的精度。基于 FPGA 的速度测量系统设计,以 Quartus Ⅱ为软件平台, 采用模块化设计并通过数码管驱动电路静态显示最终结果。具有外围电路少,集成度高,可靠性强等特点。接下来本文详细的研究了对增量式光电编码器脉冲信号进行倍频、鉴向、计数器分频、锁存、运算、数据位选择和显示。首先,介绍了 FPGA 的国内外研究现状, 光电编码器的原理、 FPGA 的发展史、它的设计方法,它的原理与特点,可编程逻辑器件的基本设计思想,一般性可编程逻辑设计的理论,光电耦合器以及数码管显示;其次,针对以往设计的不足,采用了以高度集成的 FPGA 芯片为核心的设计方式,来实现增量式光电编码器输出信号的处理。编码器输出的数据在 FPGA 芯片中进行倍频、鉴相、计数、锁存、运算、数据位选择等传输处理;最后,所得的数据经数码管显示。关键词: FPGA 光电编码器 VHDL 语言电机 D esign ofM otor Rotational Speed Measuring S ystem b ased on FPGA Abstract In modern industrial and agricultural production and daily life in all aspects of the machinery and equipment have e increasingly demanding, temperature control, motor speed and other industrial and agricultural production are often problems. The reason why we study motor speed FPGA-based system, it is forced to the needs of the times. As technology develops, we found that when we are on the moving object's velocity measured amount of choice when the device is improper because the error produced, thereby directly or indirectly affect the accuracy of the measurement. This can not meet the needs of production and life. So we propose a use of incremental optical encoder to measure the speed of the moving object method, to avoid these errors generate cost savings and simple, in theory, can achieve higher accuracy. The speed measurement system in the FPGA design to Quartus Ⅱ as the software platform, modular design and digital control drive circuit through the dynamic display of the final result. With less peripheral circuit, high integration, high reliability and soon. Next, a detailed study of this incremental photoelectric encoder pulse signal multiplier, Kam-to, count, clock module, control, data selection and display. First, the introduction of the FPGA current studies, intro