考博虚拟语气学习.doc

语气语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对所发生的事或所处的状态所持的态度或主观看法。 1. indicative mood 直陈说话者认为所说的事实,或现在存在,或过去曾存在,或将来要存在, 因此直陈语气可体现于不同时态中。 2. imperative mood 祈使表示说话者对对方的请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等, 主语为第二人称 you , 一般不出现。 3. subjunctive mood 虚拟表示说话者所说的话是某种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹空想( 提供一些主观设想的情况) ,总是与 if 引导的假设条件句在一起。条件从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反 did/were (could/might 表情态)/(would/ should 第一人称)+do 与过去事实相反 had+done (could/might 表情态)/(would/ should 第一人称)+have+done 与将来事实相反 were to/should+do did (could/might 表情态)/(would/ should 第一人称)+do 与将来事实可能相反 should+do (could/might 表情态)/(would/ should 第一人称)+do 例句: ① If the sun had no gravity, the s would fly towards the distant stars. ② IfI had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station. ③ If you missed (should/were to miss) the concert tonight, you ’d feel sorry for itall you life. ④从句由 should+do 的虚拟条件句, 有时也可用于主句为陈述或祈使语气的句子,表示可能性虽小,但并不是完全没有。 IfI should be free tomorrow, e. Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 注意: 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 conditional sentences of Mixed Time 一般,主句、从句的谓语动词应前后呼应,但有时主句、从句动作发生的时间不一致。这时,动词形式应根据实际情况进行调整。这种条件句,句子中一定会出现表确定时间的时间状语,或根据上下文进行推断。 If you had made the necessary preparations yesterday , we would not have so many difficulties now . Had Paul received six more votes in the last election , he would be our chair- man now . 2. 连词 if 省略的情况从句中 if+ 主语+should /were/had (not) → should /were/had + 主语(not)+ 谓语其它部分+ 句子剩余部分。 Were I you, I would try again. Had there been n