Grammar(r).doc

1. 关系代词的基本用法:
先行词为人时,用who / whom / that连接
(①先行词在定语从句中做主语时,只能用who / that;②先行词在定语从句中做宾语时,用who / whom / that都可以;③但当先行词在定语从句中做宾语,且有介词移至关系代词前时,只能用“介词+ whom”连接);
先行词为物时,用which / that连接;有介词移至关系代词前时,只能用“介词+ which”;
在非限制性定语从句中,只能用“..., which / who / whom ...”;
关系代词的省略:在限制性定语从句中+ 先行词在从句中作宾语+ 没有介词前移(必须同时具备)
Tom is a good guy who / that is ready to help others. Tom is a good guy (who / whom / that) we all love.
Tom is a good guy with whom we all love to work. Tom is a good guy, who is ready to help others.
Tom is a good guy, who / whom we all love. Tom is a good guy, with whom we all love to work.
It’s a book that / which is of great help to us. It’s a book, which is of great help to us.
It’s a book (that / which) we are all interested in. It’s a book in which we are all interested.
2. 地点:
(1) 如果先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,可用“介+ which”/ “where”来连接;
(2) 如果先行词在定语从句中作主语/ 宾语,仍用 that / which来连接;
This is the house in which / where I was born. This is the house that / which I bought last year.
(3) (介) + the place + where(=介+ which) = where
This is where I was born. = This is the place where I was born. = This is the place in which I was born.
Crops grow well where there is adequate sunshine and water.
= Crops grow well in the place where there is adequate sunshine and water.
= Crops grow well in the place in which there is adequate sunshine and water.
(4) the place + that / which = what
A station will be built in what used to be a school.= A station will be built in the place that / which used to be a school.
(5) ***…case / story / situation / chapter / job / point / example / scene / point / activity …+ where …(上述先行词往往是同为地点状语)
3. 时间:
(1) 如果先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,可用“介+ which”/ “when”来连接;
(2) 如果先行词在定语从句中作主语/ 宾语,仍用 that / which来连接;
Tomorrow is the day when / on which my father birthday is. The date that / which he referred to just now is of great significance.
(3) (介) + the time + when(=介+ which)= when
Tomorrow is when my wedding will be held. = Tomorrow is the da