Grammar 3 动词.docx

Grammar_3_动词动词、动词时态、助动词
我们在这里将详细讲述动词、动词时态、助动词和情态动词的用法。
动词
动词概述
表示状态(如love,seem)或动作(如go,fetch)的一个词(如cry)或一组词(如run out of)叫做动词。其要点有:
(过去、现在、将来)。
,表示动作或状态的其它情况。例如,
I was running.
I have finished.
动态动词与静态动词
英语动词按词汇意义可分为动态动词(DYNAMIC VERB)和静态动词(STATIVE VERB),绝大多数动词属于动态动词,既可用于进行时,也可用于非进行时。例如,
She is working as a secretary./She works as a secretary.
My son was knocking at the table./My son knocked at the table.
静态动词是表示静止状态的词,例如,be,have,belong to;cost,matter,own;feel,hear,see,smell, taste ;believe, consider, expect,find,forget,hate,hope,imagine, know, like, love, mind, remember,suppose, think, understand, want, wish ,ect. ,
He is a teacher.
The house have two kitchen.
We belong to each other.
The shirt costs twenty dollars.
It does not matter.
She owns a car but rarely drives it.
Can you feel the tension in this room?
We'd better hear what they have to say.
He looked for her but could not see her in the crowd.
What does the perfume smell like?
He tasted the soup to see if he had put enough salt in it.
I believe what he says.
Don't forget to feed the cat.
She wished she had stayed at home.
但是,动态动词和静态动词的划分并不是绝对的,例如,
He is being ridiculous.
We're having a lot of trouble.
How are you feeling today?
I'm hoping you'll look after the kids for us.
I was just thinking what a long way it is.
Imagining that you are in London.
It's no use wishing for things you can't have.
规则动词和不规则动词
大多数动词的过去时和过去分词都是在原形(BASE FORM)后加-ed构成,如 want/wanted/wanted;love/loved/loved,这类动词叫做规则动词(REGULAR VERB),有一些动词不以在词尾加-ed的形式构成过去时和过去分词,这类动词叫做不规则动词(IRREGULAR VERB)。
原形(Infinitive) 过去时( Past Tense) 过去分词( Past Participle)
beat beat beaten
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
choose chose chosen
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
fly flew flown
freeze froze frozen
hang hung hung
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
lay laid laid
lead led led
leave left left
lie lay lain
lose lost lost
mean m