胡壮麟《语言学教程》第五章meaning.ppt

Chapter FiveMeaning
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1. The Study of Meaning
Semantics:
The meaning of words: Lexical semantics
The meaning of sentences: Propositional meaning, compositional meaning
Linguistic semantics vs. Logical semantics/philosophical semantics
Pragmatics:
The meaning of utterances
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2. Semantic Meaning
Semantics is the study of meaning in language.
Meaning has been studied for thousands of years by philosophers, logicians and linguists. . Plato & Aristotle.
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Logicians and philosophers have tended to concentrate on a restricted range of sentences (typically, statements, or ‘propositions’) within a single language.
The linguistic approach is broader in scope, aiming to study the properties of meaning in a systematic and objective way, with reference to as wide a range of utterances and languages as possible.
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3. The meaning of meaning
C. K. Ogden & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning.
John means to write.
A green light means to go.
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Health means everything.
His look was full of meaning.
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What is the meaning of life?
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What does ‘capitalist’ mean to you?
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What does ‘cornea’ mean?
The transparent, convex, anterior portion of the outer fibrous coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and the pupil and is continuous with the sclera.
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Geoffrey Leech (1974, 1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Seven types of meaning:
Conceptual meaning
Connotative meaning
Social meaning
Affective meaning
Reflected and meaning
Collocative meaning
Thematic meaning
Associative
Meaning
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