Definition 材料的定义:
The materials making up the surrounding world consist of discrete particles, having a submicroscopic size.
Atomic structure and the nature of bonds(原子结构和化学键)
—metals and their alloys (metallic bonding 金属键)
—organic polymers 有机聚合物(covalent bonding and secondary bonding 共价键和二次键)
—ceramics (ionic bonding and covalent bonding)
Mechanical properties:力学性能
Which reflect the behavior of materials, deformed by a set of forces (概念)
Four basic types of stresses : tensile, compressive, shear ,torsion (拉力,压力,剪切力,扭转力)
Physical properties:物理性能
the behavior of materials subjected to the action of temperature, electric or ic fields, or light.
电性能Electric properties
ic properties
热性能Thermal properties
光性能Optical properties
Chemical properties:化学性能
Which characterize the behavior of material in a reactive environment. (概念)
The four basic aspects of materials science and technology are: manufacturing processing, structure, properties and performances
结构-性能-工艺之间的关系:
First, the processing of a material affects the structure, second the original structure and properties determine how we can process the material to produce a desired shape
一、METAL:(金属)
1、金属最显著的特性:good conductors of heat and electricity (热导性,电导性)
2、性能:are opaque to visible light; are hard, rigid; can undergo plastic deformation; have a high melting temperature
3、金属的晶体点阵:
crystal struct
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