美国国防部-2022中国军力报告（英）-2022-196正式版.doc

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People’sRepublicofChina
AReporttoCongress
PursuanttotheNationalDefenseAuthorizationActfor
FiscalYear2000
Section1202oftheNationalDefenseAuthorizationActforFiscalYear2000,PublicLaw106-65,asamended,providesthattheSecretaryofDefenseshallsubmitareport“inbothclassifiedandunclassifiedform,onmilitaryandsecuritydevelopmentsinvolvingthePeople’-technologicaldevelopmentofthePeople’sLiberationArmyandthetenetsandprobabledevelopmentofChinesesecuritystrategyandmilitarystrategy,-Chinaengagementandcooperationonsecuritymattersduringtheperiodcoveredbythereport,includingthroughUnitedStates-Chinamilitary-to-militarycontacts,andtheUnitedStatesstrategyforsuchengagementandcooperationinthefuture.”
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CONTENTS
PREFACE I
EXECUTIVESUMMARY III
CHAPTERONE:UNDERSTANDINGCHINA’SSTRATEGY 1
CHAPTERTWO:CHINA’SFORCES,CAPABILITIES,ANDPOWERPROJECTION 45
CHAPTERTHREE:OPERATIONALSTRUCTUREANDACTIVITIESONCHINA’SPERIPHERY 103
CHAPTERFOUR:THEPLA’SGROWINGGLOBALPRESENCE 133
CHAPTERFIVE:RESOURCES&TECHNOLOGYFORFORCEMODERNIZATION 147
CHAPTERSIX:.-PRCDEFENSECONTACTSANDEXCHANGES 155
SPECIALTOPIC:PRCVIEWSONSTRATEGICSTABILITY 158
SPECIALTOPIC:PRCVIEWSOFINFORMATIONANDINFORMATIONDOMINANCE 160
SPECIALTOPIC:THEPLA’SEXPANDEDMILITARYDIPLOMACY 163
APPENDIXI:PRCANDTAIWANFORCESDATA 165
APPENDIXII:DEFENSECONTACTSANDEXCHANGES 168
APPENDIXIII:SELECTEDPLABILATERALANDMULTILATERALEXERCISESIN2021 169
APPENDIXIV:ABBREVIATIONS 170
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PREFACE
The2022NationalSecurityStrategyidentifiesthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC)astheonlycompetitorwiththeintentand,increasingly,(DoD)annualreportonmilitaryandsecuritydevelopmentsinvolvingthePRCchartsthecurrentcourseofthePRC’snational,economic,andmilitarystrategyandoffersCongressinsightonthetenetsofBeijing’’sstrategyentailsadeterminedefforttoamassandharnessallelementsofitsnationalpowertoplacethePRCina“leadingposition”,.
Inthisdecisivedecade,itisimportanttounderstandthecontoursofthePeople’sLiberationArmy’s(PLA)wayofwar,surveyitscurrentactivitiesandcapabilities,,thePRCincreasinglyturnedtothePLAasaninstrumentofstatecraftasitadoptedmorecoerciveandaggressiveactionsintheIndo-,thePLAnowsetsitssightsto2027withagoaltoacceleratetheintegrateddevelopmentofmechanization,informatization,andintelligentizationofthePRC’,this2027objectivecouldgivethePLAcapabilitiestobeamorecrediblemilitarytoolfortheChineseCommunistParty(CCP)towieldasitpursuesTaiwanunification.
InadditiontothedevelopmentofthePLA’sconventionalcapabilities,thePRChascontinuedtoacceleratethemodernization,diversification,“strategicdeterrent,”whilebeingreluctanttodiscussthePLA’sdevelopingnuclear,space,andcyberspacecapabilities,negativelyimpactingglobalstrategicstability—anareaofincreasingglobalconcern.
AsthePRCseekstoachieve“nationalrejuvenation”byitscentenaryin2049,thisreporthighlightsBeijing’sambitiontoreformtheprevailinginternationalrules-’sstrategicgoalsdefinedundertheconceptofa“communityofcommondestiny,”ledbyXiJinping’sinitiativessuchastheGlobalSecurityInitiativeandtheGlobalDevelopmentInitiative.
I
OFFICEOFTHESECRETARYOFDEFENSE
AnnualReporttoCongress:MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeople’sRepublicofChina
ThisreportillustrateshowtheCCPincreasinglyturnstothePLAinsupportofitsglobalambitions,andtheimportanceofmeetingthepacingchallengepresentedbythePRC’sincreasinglycapablemilitary.
ReportScope:ThisreportcoverssecurityandmilitarydevelopmentsinvolvingthePRCuntiltheendof2021.
II
OFFICEOFTHESECRETARYOFDEFENSE
AnnualReporttoCongress:MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeople’sRepublicofChina
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
UNDERSTANDINGCHINA’SSTRATEGY
China’sNationalStrategy
ThePRC’snationalstrategyaimstoachieve“thegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation”,social,andmilitarymodernitytoexpandthePRC’snationalpower,perfectitsgovernance,andrevisetheinternationalorderinsupportofBeijing’-of-governmenteffortmeanttocontainthePRC’srise,whichpresentsobstaclestoitsnationalstrategy.
ThePRChascharacterizeditsviewofstrategiccompetitionintermsofarivalryamongpowerfulnationstates,.
ThePRC’sstrategyentailsdeliberateanddeterminedeffortstoamass,improve,andharnesstheinternalandexternalelementsofnationalpowerthatwillplacethePRCina“leadingposition”inanenduringcompetitionbetweensystems.
ThePRC’s20thNationalCongressoftheCCPholdsimportantmilitaryandsecurityimplicationsforthePLA’’smodernizationgoalsoverthenextfiveyears,includingstrengtheningits“systemofstrategicdeterrence.”XiJinpingretainedhischairmanshipoftheseven-personCentralMilitaryCommission(CMC)andselectedmembersthatofferpoliticalcontinuity,technicalexpertiseonmilitarymodernizationandspaceissues,andTaiwan-focusedoperationalexperience.
ForeignPolicy
ThePRC’sforeignpolicyseekstobuilda“communityofcommondestiny”thatsupportsitsstrategytorealize“thegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.”Beijing’srevisionistambitionfortheinternationalorderderivesfromtheobjectivesofitsnationalstrategyandtheCCP’spoliticalandgoverningsystems.
III
OFFICEOFTHESECRETARYOFDEFENSE
AnnualReporttoCongress:MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeople’sRepublicofChina
In2021,,.-backedsecuritypartnershipsincludingtheQuad(Australia,India,Japan,andtheUnitedStates)andAustralia-UnitedKingdom-UnitedStatespartnership(AUKUS).
TheCOVID-19pandemicalsocontinuedtobeadrivingforcebehindthePRC’sforeignpolicyeffortsin2021,asBeijingsoughttodeflectblameforitsinitialresponsetothepandemicandcontinueditsuseofforeignmedicalassistance,includingvaccinedonations,tobolsteritsbilateraltiesandadvanceitsresponsiblegreatpowernarrative.
EconomicPolicy
ThePRC’smilitarymodernizationobjectivesarecommensuratewithandpartofChina’’seconomic,political,social,andsecuritydevelopmenteffortsaremutuallyreinforcingandsupportBeijing’sstrategyofnationalrejuvenation.
Beijing’s“dualcirculation(双循环)”policyaimstoforgedomesticresilienceby
reducingChina’,thepolicyaimstoboostdomesticproductionandconsumptiontofuelgrowthanddecreasetheeconomy’srelianceonexportsmovingforward.
China’,thePRC’sgrowingnationalindustrialandtechnologicalbase,aswellasdeliberateParty-ledinitiativessuchastheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)andMadeinChina2025,offerssystemicmilitarybenefitstothePRC.
China’sBeltandRoadInitiative
ThePRCusesBRItosupportitsstrategyofnationalrejuvenationbyseekingtoexpandglobaltransportationandtradelinkagestosupportitsdevelopmentanddeepenitseconomicintegrationwithnationsalongitsperipheryandbeyond.
In2021,thePRCsignificantlyincreasedengagementwithAfrican,LatinAmerican,andMiddleEasterncountriesandbeganprioritizingpublichealth,digitalinfrastructure,andgreenenergyopportunities.
OverseasdevelopmentandsecurityinterestsunderBRIwilldrivethePRCtowardsexpandingitsoverseassecurityfootprinttoprotectthoseinterests.
IV
OFFICEOFTHESECRETARYOFDEFENSE
AnnualReporttoCongress:MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeople’sRepublicofChina