阅读技能和大学英语培训.ppt

大学英语四级阅读技巧与训练
主讲人:钟利平
寻找阅读的突破口
根据全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案(试行),全国大学英语四、六级考试改革项目组与考试委员会设计了四级考试新题型测试卷,并于近日公布。在样卷中,仔细阅读部分(Reading in Depth)占整张试卷分值的25%。考试题型又分为两种:A) 选择题型的篇章阅读理解;B) 篇章层次的词汇理解(Banked Cloze) 或短句问答(Short Answer Question)。仔细研究了样题后,并根据教学经验,以下就仔细阅读部分进行一个详细地分析。
阅读的主要目的在于检测考生阅读与理解成段的书面语言的能力。实际上,这种测试并非纯粹的单项测试,而是一种综合性的语言运用能力的测试,既检测考生应具有的多方面的语言知识和技能,又考查他们对语言文字的理解、分析、推理和鉴赏等方面的思维能力。
如何获取段落的主旨大意
针对主旨大意的阅读理解题
阅读的首要目的是看懂所读材料的主旨大意,阅读测试自然也以此作为测定考生阅读能力的主要标准。在针对主旨大意的阅读理解题中,大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题(subject),主题思想(main idea),题目(title)或目的(purpose)拟题。题型颇多,用词不尽相同,但所针对的都是段落(或短文)的主旨大意。
辨认主题句(topic sentence)
辨认主题句是获取段落主旨大意的一个有效的方法。凡表述段落主旨大意的句子叫主题句。这种句子一般具有三个特点:(1)表述的意思比较概括,相对其他句子来看,这种概括性更为明显;(2)句子结构较简单,多数都不采用长难句的形式;(3)段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表述的主题思想(main idea)。
PART ONEHOW TO GRASP THE MAIN IDEA
prehension questions directed towards the main idea (the question patterns)
The main idea (central thought ) of the passage is
What is the author’s main point?
Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?
The topic sentence of this passage is
What the passage tells us would be summarized by the sentence
The best summary of the passage is that
The main purpose of the passage is
What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
The primary objective of the passage is
The title of this passage would be
The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
The (main) subject of the passage is
Which of the following best the theme of the passage?
What topic is treated in this passage?
The passage states (illustrates, discusses, deals with, is concerned about, describes…)
To grasp the main idea identifying the topic
sentence (Just remember this: the topic sentence
should state the main idea of the paragraph, and
every idea, every detail, in the paragraph should
relate to the idea set forth in the topic sentence.)
Skills
To grasp the main idea by identifying the topic sentence
To grasp the main idea by writing a m