【新步步高 人教版】2016届高三英语大一轮复习课件 语法专题《专题3 非谓语动词》.ppt

专题三非谓语动词
语法专题
非谓语动词的考查要点
语法与写作
语法填空
1
非谓语动词的考查要点

(1)不定式作表语与“be+to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
My job is to teach English.(说明内容)
be+to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
He is to go abroad.
(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常接不定式作宾语:afford,promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,offer,wish,want,fail,plan,agree,forget,like,prefer,decide,manage,try,arrange,determine,desire等。
下列词语后可接“疑问词+不定式”:teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,forget,ask,find out,advise,discuss等。
(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词(短语)see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,observe,feel,taste,smell,make,let,have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用不定式作宾补的几种情况:
主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like+ do sth.
主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel+sb.+to be/to have done
主语+call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask for+sb.+to do sth.
(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:chance,wish,right,courage,need,promise,time,opportunity,way,the first,the second,the last,the only等。
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
She is now looking for a room to live in.
(5)不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语,在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.
in order (not) to,so as (not) to用来引导目的状语;enough...to,so...as to do,such+名词...as to do作结果状语。
The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外,glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时,但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a ,请稍等。(说话时还未等)
I’m sorry to have kept you ,让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to+完成时。(B)was/were to+不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/
wished+不定式的完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
(7)不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连