Definition theory and its application Supplement#1 2017/10/17 1 ******@LKSTH Outline What is “definition theory”? An example Further readings Q&A 2017/10/17 2 ******@LKSTH What is definition theory? Generally speaking, “definition theory” refers to systematic knowledge of definition, regarding its nature, causes, consequences and how to give definitions What is a definition? Definition = definiendum 被定义项+ definiens 定义项 To define is to give the definiendum a definiens Classification Designated definition 规定定义 Lexical definition 辞典定义 Precise definition 精确定义 Theoretical definition 理论定义 Persuasive definition 说服定义 2012-9-26 ******@LKSTH 3 What is definition theory? Why is definition needed? A way of understanding/ knowing sth. To reduce/eliminate ambivalence 模糊/ambiguity 歧义 To detect/ prevent false or poor logics/ arguments What can definitions affect? Depth of understandings Quality of scientific research 2012-9-26 ******@LKSTH 4 What is definition theory? How to define a term? To find the denotation 外延 of the term Ostensive 实指法 Paradigmatic 范例法 To find the connotation 内涵 of the term Genus and difference 属加种差法 2012-9-26 ******@LKSTH 5 What is definition theory? How to define a term? Cont.’ My five-step genus-and-difference method Step 1: to identify a term (definiendum) Step 2: to identify all phenomena this term usually refers to Step 3: to identify the shared attributes of these phenomena via genus and difference approach Step 4: to clearly describe the attributes with plain language (definiens) Step 5: to evaluate the quality of the definiens 2012-9-26 ******@LKSTH 6 An example Our mission: to define “human” Step 1: to identify a term (definiendum) we need to define this term, . “human”/人…in any possible languages 2012-9-26 ******@LKSTH 7 An example Step 2: to identify all phenomena this term usually refers to the denotation of “human” is all that we call humans White people, yellow people, black peop
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