美国文学 American Naturalism.ppt

American Naturalism美国自然主义文学
Naturalism
the law of jungle
Brief Summary:
Naturalism is a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic or even supernatural treatment.
Brief Summary:
Naturalism is a growth of realism, a prominent literary movement in Mid-19th-Century France and elsewhere. Unlike realism, however, naturalism is generally a philosophical position(?), as opposed to a literary technique.
philosophical position
For naturalistic writers, since human beings are, in Emile Zola’s phrase, “human beasts”, characters can be studied through their relationships to their surroundings.
Philosophical framework:
pessimistic materialistic determinism悲观的唯物主义决定论
自然主义(Le Naturalisme)是文学艺术创作中的一种倾向。作为创作方法,自然主义一方面排斥浪漫主义的想象、夸张、抒情等主观因素,另一方面轻视现实主义对现实生活的典型概括,而追求绝对的客观性,崇尚单纯地描摹自然,着重对现实生活的表面现象作记录式的写照,并企图以自然规律特别是生物学规律解释人和人类社会。
I. American Naturalism
1. The historical and social background
2. The intellectual background
3. Philosophical elements of literary naturalism
4. Features of naturalist fictions

1. Historical and Social Background
After the American Civil War(1861 -1865)
WWI
Industrial Revolution