完形填空 专题4 说明文型完形填空.ppt

专题四说明文型完形填空
专题四说明文型完形填空
专题导读
专题四│专题导读
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨、句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。
说明文一般有三类:一是实体事例说明文(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。二是事理(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化,进而编成故事,对其进行介绍。
专题四│专题导读
说明文完形填空的具体特点:(1)开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时,要明确说明的对象是什么,是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此,明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序),空间顺序(从局部到整体,从上到下,从内到外),逻辑顺序(前因后果,先果后因,先主后次);认识顺序(由此及彼,由浅入深,由具体到抽象,由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰,整体性强,所以,递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白,写作脉络清晰,又没有很多感情因素的掺入,所以就不会有过多的情感词汇,自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点,我们便可以跟着“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,从而顺利答题。
真题典例
专题四│真题典例
[2010·上海卷] The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing __1__.
What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out­of­town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering,—__2__ Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom
专题四│真题典例
opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had __3__several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber __4__ some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.
When you revise, you change aspects of your work in __5__ to your evolving purpose, or to include __6__ ideas or newly discovered information.
Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the your decision to __8__ topics
专题四│真题典例
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