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American Naturalism
American naturalism was a new and harsher realism and like realism, it e from Europe. Naturalism was an outgrowth of realism that responded to theories in science, psychology, human behavior and social thought current in the late eenth century. In the last decade of the eenth century, with the development of industry and modern science, intelligent minds began to see that man was no longer a free ethical being in a cold, indifferent and essentially Godless universe. In this world he was both
helpless and hopeless. European writers like Emile Zola had already developed this acute social consciousness. They saw man’s life as governed by the two forces of
heredity
environment
Heredity and environment are forces absolutely beyond man’s control.
American naturalism had been shaped by the war, by the social upheavals that undermined the
comforting faith of an earlier age, and by the disturbing teachings of Darwinism. America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity forting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extremes objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. In presenting the extremes of life, the naturalists sometimes displayed an affinity to the sensationalism of early romanticism, but unlike their romantic
predecessors, the naturalists emphasized
that the world was amoral,
that men and women had no free will,
that lives were controlled by heredity and environment,
that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.
The pessimism and deterministic ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such American writers as Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack
London and Theodore Dreiser.
Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the first American naturalistic work.
Norris’s McTeague is the manifesto of American naturism.
Dreiser’s Sister Carrie is the work in which naturalism attained maturity.
These writers detailed descriptio
American naturalism was a new and harsher realism and like realism, it e from Europe. Naturalism was an outgrowth of realism that responded to theories in science, psychology, human behavior and social thought current in the late eenth century. In the last decade of the eenth century, with the development of industry and modern science, intelligent minds began to see that man was no longer a free ethical being in a cold, indifferent and essentially Godless universe. In this world he was both
helpless and hopeless. European writers like Emile Zola had already developed this acute social consciousness. They saw man’s life as governed by the two forces of
heredity
environment
Heredity and environment are forces absolutely beyond man’s control.
American naturalism had been shaped by the war, by the social upheavals that undermined the
comforting faith of an earlier age, and by the disturbing teachings of Darwinism. America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity forting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extremes objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. In presenting the extremes of life, the naturalists sometimes displayed an affinity to the sensationalism of early romanticism, but unlike their romantic
predecessors, the naturalists emphasized
that the world was amoral,
that men and women had no free will,
that lives were controlled by heredity and environment,
that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.
The pessimism and deterministic ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such American writers as Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack
London and Theodore Dreiser.
Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the first American naturalistic work.
Norris’s McTeague is the manifesto of American naturism.
Dreiser’s Sister Carrie is the work in which naturalism attained maturity.
These writers detailed descriptio
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