语言学导论第05章练习及答案 9911.doc

该【语言学导论第05章练习及答案 9911 】是由【花双韵芝】上传分享，文档一共【7】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【语言学导论第05章练习及答案 9911 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。Semantics? ,forexample ,-linguisticworld ofexperience,while thereference deals with theinherent meaningofthelinguistic ,meaningoflanguageisconsidered astheintrinsic andinherent relation basedonthepresumption that onecanderive .“itishot. ”isano - analysis ,the sentenceistakentobethebasic unit,but in semantic analysisofasentence ,thebasicunitispredication , ,physicalworld ;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon- ,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning , ,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement(s)inasentence.,to then____theory ofmeaning,the wordsinalanguagearetakentobelabels . Therearefour choices following eachstatement. Markthechoice that .“panyitkeeps. ” -.“CanIborrowyourbike”_______“Youhaveabike.” , .“alive”and“dead” . _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic elementnon- and ?.??????????????????semantics 32.??????????????????sense 33.??????????????????reference34.??????????????????synonymy 35.??????????????????polysemy 36.??????????????????homonymy??????????????????homophones38.??????????????????Homographs39.??????????????????completehomonyms40.??????????????????hyponymy 41.??????????????????antonymy 42.??????????????????componentialanalysis43.??????????????????grammatical 44.??????????????????predication 45.??????????????????Argumentmeaning46.??????????????????predicate 47.??????????????????Two-place ? account for such sense relations between sentences as synonymous relation ,inconsistentrelationintermsoftruthvaluestothewaysynonymsdiffer,?.?.????Semantics 12.????direct 13.????Reference 14.????synonyms 15.????homophones16.????Relational 17.???? 18.???? 19.????argument 20.????namingComponential selectional?III. Therearefour choices following eachstatement. Markthechoice that ?::;itisabstractandde-:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-:::Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,.differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinspelling,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinbothsoundandspelling,:Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,: ,. Thegrammatical meaning: Thegrammatical meaning of a sentence refers to itsgrammaticality ,. its grammatical well-formedness. Thegrammaticality ofasentenceis ::Anargumentisalogical participant inapredication. It isgenerally identicalwiththenominalelement (s) :Apredicate issomethingthat issaid aboutanargumentorit states -placepredication:Atwo-(A)Thedogbittheman.(B)Themanbitthedog.:If themeaningofa sentence werethesumtotal ofthe meaningsofall ponents ,,therearetwoaspectstosentencemeaning : meaningsof“the dog”and“the man”in (A)are different fromthegrammaticalmeaningsof “thedog”and“theman”in ( B).Themeaningofasentenceistheproduct ofbothlexical andgrammatical istheproduct ,proposed bystructural semanticists ,is ,which arecalled semantic features. Plusandminussignsareusedtoindicate whetheracertain semantic feature ispresent orabsentinthemeaningofaword,andthesefeature ,theword“man”isanaconsistingofthesemanticfeaturesof[+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE] :X:: truth values,if Xistrue,Yisnecessarily true,. if hehasbeentoFrance, ,Ymaybetrueorfalse , , ,Xmaybetrueorfalse ,.ifhehasbeentoEurope , ,Xisfalse ,.IfhehasnotbeentoEurope,:SupposetherearetwosentencesXandY :X:John'sbikeneedsrepairing .Y: ,Ymustbetrue ,.ifJohn'sbikeneedsrepairing, ,Yisstilltrue ,'sbikedoesnotneedrepairing , ,Xiseithertrueorfalse ,.ifJohnhasabike , ,notruthvaluecanbesaidaboutX ,.ifJohndoesnothaveabike,nothing canbesaidaboutwhetherhisbikeneedsrepairing ornot. Therefore,XpresupposesY, ,ofthetwosentencesXandY ,ifXistrue ,YistrueXisfalse ,Yisfalse ,thereforeXissynonymouswithY.;if,.X:: ,ifXistruewecansayAisinconsistentwithY.,Yisfalse;ifXisfalse,Yistrue,then. X:: , , regional dialects. British English :BritishEnglish AmericanEnglishautumn falllift elevatorThendialectalsynonymscanalsobefoundwithinBritish ,,"girl" iscalled "lass" or"lassie" inScottish dialect ,and"liquor" iscalled "whisky" instyle ordegreeofformality. Someofthestylistic synonymstendtobemoreformal ,otherstendtobecasual ,:oldman,daddy,dad,father ,maleparentchap,pal,friend , theattitude orbias oftheusertowardwhatheistalking ,“collaborator ” and“plice” aresynonymous,sharing themeaningof"apersonwhohelpsanother" , another indoingsomething good,while thelatter refers intheir collocation. Forexample,use,charge,rebuketosaythatsomeonehasdonesomethingwrongorevencriminal ,buttheyareusedwithuse...of ,charge...with ,rebuke... different synonymsrefer tothesynonymsthat differ slightly ,"amaze"and"astound"areverycloseinmeaningtotheword"surprise ," ,"astound" ,proposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato , :,themeaningoftheword"seal"inthesentence"Thesealcouldnotbefound"urs :.(‘seal’meaninganaquaticmammal ).(‘seal’meaningtheki ng'sstamp)Behaviorism drewonbehaviorist psychology whenhetried todefine themeaningof linguisti