考研英语真题及解析.doc

该【考研英语真题及解析 】是由【碎碎念的折木】上传分享，文档一共【94】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【考研英语真题及解析 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。2000年全真试题Part?CloseTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked,A,,,B,,,C,and,D,.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)?eed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.?Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.?Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.?Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3themoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.?Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.?Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.?Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extraNaturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butfundsintheformofloans.?loansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.,139words,1.,A,otherthan,B,aswellas,C,insteadof,D,morethan2.,A,onlyif,B,muchas,C,longbefore,D,eversince3.,A,for,B,against,C,of,D,towards4.,A,replace,B,purchase,C,supplement,D,dispose5.,A,enhance,B,mix,C,feed,D,raise6.,A,vessels,B,routes,C,paths,D,channels7.,A,self-confident,B,self-sufficient,C,self-satisfied,D,self-restrained8.,A,search,B,save,C,offer,D,seek9.,A,proportion,B,percentage,C,rate,D,ratio10.,A,genuinely,B,obviously,C,presumably,D,frequentlyPart?prehensionDirections:,A,,,B,,,C,and,D,..(40points)Passage1?esscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,eadrivingforce.?WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.(11)?Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.?AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.?Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.?Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.?Bythemid-1980sAmericanspetitiveness.?SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.?By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.?(Now(12)thereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)?Foreign-’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.?Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,puterage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.?Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.?Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.?Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.?Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.?Theirsometimessensationalfindingspetitionfromoverseas.?Howthingshavechanged!?In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsof(14)solidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.?FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.?Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.?“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.?“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.?AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”,429words,.,A,ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal,B,itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore,C,petitors,D,.,A,TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket,B,semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises,C,machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions,D,?,A,Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.,B,petitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.,C,Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.,D,.,A,turningofthebusinesscycle,B,restructuringofindustry,C,improvedbusinessmanagement,D,essineducationPassage2(15)?Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.?Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.?Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.?Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.?Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.?Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.?Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby).?,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.?mitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.?Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.?munities,veryfewwomenhave15children.?Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,e(16)average.?Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.?Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.?.?Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.?Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.?Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.?Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodies(17)havenot.?Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.?Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“anicbeingasasavagelooksataship,prehension.”?,theywilllookjustlikeus.,406words,?,A,Alackofmates.,B,petition.,C,Alowersurvivalrate.,D,?,A,Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.,B,Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.,C,Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.,D,.,A,lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance,B,thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining,C,ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution,D,?,A,SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.,B,WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution.,C,TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.,D,(20)?Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,etheymayberegardedasnormal.?WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.?This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.?(21)Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.?Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.?Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.?Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.?Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,.?Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadin?theexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”(22)?This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.?Allthesame,epttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.?Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?,334words,.,A,asurveyofnewapproachestoart,B,areviewofFuturistpoetry,C,aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement,D,,peopleshouldtryto.,A,determineitspurposes,B,ignoreitsflaws,C,followthenewfashions,D,.,A,increasetheproductionofliterature,B,usepoetrytorelievemodernstress,C,developnewmodesofexpression,D,.,A,basedonreasonableprinciples,B,eptabletoordinarypeople,C,hangeinhumannature,D,moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature