航天医学基础--introductiontospacelifesciences.ppt

该【航天医学基础--introductiontospacelifesciences 】是由【小落意心冢】上传分享，文档一共【32】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【航天医学基础--introductiontospacelifesciences 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。航天医学基础--introductiontospacelifesciencesKeyConceptsSpaceLifeSciences:Whatisit? WhereweareThehistoricalcontextofhumanspaceflightHowwegotthereTheimportanceofcontinuingresearchbeforelong-durationexplorationmissionscanbesafelyundertaken WheredowegofromhereSpaceLifeSciences—WhatisitLifeSciencesarespecificallydevotedtotheworkingofthelivingworld(frombacteriaandplantstohumans)OnEarth,anismshavedevelopedasaresultofconstantexposureto1-ggravitySpaceLifeSciencesopenadoortounderstandingourselves,ourevolution,theworkingofourworldwithouttheconstrainingbarrierofgravityBesidemicrogravity,anismsarealsoaffectedbyionizingradiation,isolation,confinement,changesincircadianrhythms(24-hrday/nightcycle),:EnhancefundamentalknowledgeincellbiologyandhumanphysiologyProtectthehealthofastronautsDevelopadvancedtechnologyandapplicationsforspaceandground-basedresearchJustificationforHumanSpaceflightRoboticsversusHumancrews =ApplesversusOrangesHumanPros:intelligentoperators, efficientend-effectorsHumanCons:expensive, complexityofhabitableenvironmentHumanspaceflightcriticsoftendiscountthevalueofLifeSciencesonthe“DiscoveryLedger(BigBook)”—oftenduetofollowingfundamentalsdifferences:PhysicalSciences:moreconcretediscoveriesinrelativelyunexploredsphereLifeSciences:aninherentlyinexactscience;contextofbackgroundphysiologicalvariability;requirementforrepeatedmeasurementsPhotoNASASpaceMedicineversusSpacePhysiologySpaceMedicineTosolvemedicalproblemsencounteredinspaceflightIncludessomeadaptivechanges(.,spacemotionsickness),environmentalexposures,-emaladaptiveonreturntoEarth(.,boneloss)Outlookisoperational,viewsproblems/peculiaritiesfromstandpointofmissionimpactSpacePhysiologyTocharacterizeresponsetospace,especially0-GNecessaryknowledgebaseforaboveOutlookisinvestigational,viewsproblems/peculiaritiesfromstandpointofscientificreturnWhereweare(asof1stJuly‘03)ESTotalnumberofpersonswhohaveflowninspace:433(41)Cumulativespaceflighttime:72years()Meanspaceflightduration:28daysCumulativespaceflightdurationbyindividual:Polyakov(679days;2flights)Avdeyev(748days;3flights)Re-adaptationtoEarthgravitystated "plete?[after6years]" —ValeryPolyakov(during ascienceconference)Howdidwegetthere?22months25months1783:TwoFrenchgentlemenrideahot-air(Montgolfier)balloonMajorSpaceLifeSciencesEvents1951:essful(non-orbital)flightofasounding rocketwithamonkeyand11mice(previous essful)1957:DogLaikafirstlivingcreatureintoorbit(died afterafewdays)—followedbymonkeysPhotoNASAPhotoNASAES1959:Selectionof7AmericanastronautsMajorSpaceLifeSciencesEvents1960:Selectionof11SovietcosmonautsPhotoNASAPhotoRSA1965:Firstspacewalk(Extra-VehicularActivity)1961:FirsthumantoorbittheEarth ()1963:Firstwoman() inspace—secondRussian woman()did notflyuntil1982MajorSpaceLifeSciencesEventsPhotoNASAESursNoupordown—disorientation,nauseaFluidsshifttowardshead—??puffy??face,sinuscongestion,headache,changesinsmellandtasteAntigravitypostural(extensor)musclesnotused—otionpattern,??chicken??legs,musclestrengthandendurancedecreasePhotosNASA