英语语言学概论.doc

该【英语语言学概论 】是由【雪山飞狐教育】上传分享，文档一共【11】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【英语语言学概论 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。(辨别特点)(能产性)(任意性)(符号)Symbolreferstosomethingsuchasanobject,word,(失散性)(不受时空限制的特征)(构造二重性)anizationoflanguageintotwolevels,oneofsounds,theotherofmeaning,(文化流传)Culturetransmissionreferstothefactthatlanguageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,(交换性)Interchangeabilitymeansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaproducerandareceiverofmessages.★Whatislanguage?,,.★Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?Languagehassevendesignfeaturesasfollowing:?ordingtorules,,,.★(Functionoflanguage.)AccordingtoHalliday,whataretheinitialfunctionsofchildren’slanguage?ponentsofadultlanguage?’slanguage:1))))))[osbQtq`kf`h]7):1)))(一般语言学与描绘语言学)(共时语言学与历时语言学)(理论语言学与应用语言学)(微观语言学与宏观语言学)(语言与语言)(语言能力与语言运用)Theformerisone’(口头语与书面语)Speechisthespokenformoflanguagewhereaswritingiswrittencodes,(语言行为潜势与实质语言行为)(横组合关系与纵聚合关系)-munication(语言社交与非语言社交)-.★HowdoesJohnLyonsclassifylinguistics?AccordingtoJohnLyons,thefieldoflinguisticsasawholecanbedividedintoseveralsubfieldsasfollowing::consistency,)).★Whatarethesub-branchesoflinguisticswithinthelanguagesystem?Withinthelanguagesystemtherearesixsub-branchesasfollowing:1))’))),)★Thescopeoflanguage:Linguisticsisreferredtoasascientificstudyoflanguage.★Thescientificprocessoflinguisticstudy:Itinvolvesfourstages:collectingdata,formingahypothesis,(发音语音学)(声学语音学)(听觉语音学)(辅音)pletelyblocked,orpartiallyblocked,(元音)isdefinedasaspeechsoundinwhichtheairfromthelungsisnotblockedinanywayandispronouncedwithvocal-(双唇音)Bilabialsmeansthatconsonantsforwhichtheflowofairisstoppedorrestrictedbythetwolips.[p][b][m][w](塞擦音)Thesoundproducedbystoppingtheairstreamandthenimmediatelyreleasingitslowlyiscalledaffricates.[t][d][tr][dr](声门)(圆唇元音)Roundedvowelisdefinedasthevowelsoundpronouncedbythelipsformingacircularopening.[u:][u][OB][](双元音)Diphthongsareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.[ei][ai][i][Qu][au](三合元音)Triphthongsarethosewhichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherandthenrapidlyandcontinuouslytoathirdone.[eiQ][aiQ][iQ][QuQ][auQ](松元音)Accordingtodistinctionoflongandshortvowels,,[e]isatensevowelaswell,andtherestshortvowelsarelaxvowels.★Howareconsonantsclassifiedintermsofdifferentcriteria?-.★Howarevowelsclassifiedintermsofdifferentcriteria?.★Whatarethethreesub-ics?Howdotheydifferfromeachother?icshasthreesub-branchesasfollowing:1)))icsisthestudyofthewayhearersperceivespeechsoundsiscalledauditoryics.★icfeaturesforconsonantsandvowelsrespectively?::(音位)(音位变体)(单音)(最小对峙体)(对照散布)urinthesameenvironmentandthesubstitutionofonesoundforanotherbringsaboutachangeofmeaning,(互补散布)Iftwoormoresoundsneverappearinthesameenvironment,(自由变异),(差别性特点)(超切分特点)Thedistinctive(phonological)(腔调语言)(语调语言)(连音)icboundaryfeatureswhichmaydemarcategrammaticalunits.★icsandEnglishphonology?icsisthestudyoftheproduction,perception,andphysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,anized,,[pit],[tip],[spit],etc,thesimilarphoneswehaveheardare/p/.And/p/and/b/areseparatephonemesinEnglish,while[ph]and[p]?Aminimalpairshouldmeetthreeconditions:.★)[m]inmetand[n]areincontrastivedistributionbecausesubstituting[m]for[n])[ph]andtheunaspiratedplosive[p]),theword“direct”maybepronounceintwoways:/di’rekt/and/dia’rekt/,andthetwodifferentsounds/i/and/ai/’sthedifferencebetweensegmentalfeaturesandsuprasegmentalfeatures?WhatarethesuprasegmentalfeaturesinEnglish?)Distinctivefeatures,whichareusedtodistinguishonephonemefromanotherandthushaveeffectononesoundsegment,(phonological)),tone,’sthedifferencebetweentonelanguagesandintonationlanguage?Tonelanguagesarethosewhichusepitchtocontrastmeaningatwordlevelwhileintonationlanguagesarethosewhichusepitchtodistinguishmeaningatphraselevelorsentencelevel★What’ictranscriptionsandphonemictranscriptions?Theformerwasmeanttosymbolizeallpossiblespeechsounds,includingeventhemostminuteshadesofpronunciation,(语素)(语素变体)(形素)(词根)(词缀)(自由语素)(粘着语素)(屈折词缀)refertoaffixesthatservetoindicategrammaticalrelations,(派生词缀)(空语子)(零语子)(直接成分剖析)ICanalysisistheanalysistoanalyzealinguisticexpre